GIFT   OF 


A   Sketch   of  the   History 

of 
Baptist  Education  in  Pennsylvania 


BY 

FRANK  GRANT  LEWIS,  Ph.D. 

Librarian  x>f  Crozer  Theological  Seminary 
Librarian  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society 


Chester,  Pa. 
1919 


Baptist  Education  in  Pennsylvania 


A   Sketch  of  the   History 


Baptist  Education  in  Pennsylvania 


BY 

FRANK  GRANT  LEWIS,  Ph.D. 
u 

Librarian  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary 
Librarian  of  the  American  Baptist  fisr^fbal  Society 


Chester,  Pa, 

John  Spencer,  Inc.  for  Crozer  Theological  Seminary 
1919 


This  is  No.  Jf  41  of  100  copies  reprinted  as  a  mono- 
graph, from  the  Bulletin  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary  for 
October,  1918. 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 


A  SKETCH  OF  THE  HISTORY 

OF  BAPTIST  EDUCATION 

IN  PENNSYLVANIA 


The  subject  is  timely  for  at  least  two  reasons.  In  the 
first  place  no  general  account  of  the  history  of  Baptist  educa- 
tion in  Pennsylvania  seems  to  have  been  undertaken  hitherto. 
In  1909,  when  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society 
reached  three  score  and  ten  years,  a  sketch  of  its  work  was 
prepared  by  Rev.  Jacob  G.  Walker,  D.  D.,  who  had  been  its 
recording-secretary  since  1871.  A  sketch  of  the  University 
at  Lewisburg  (from  1886  Bucknell  University)  was  publish- 
ed in  1876,  and  another  in  1890.  When  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary  was  thirty  years  of  age  a  brief  historical  address 
was  issued.  There  are  probably  other  sketches  of  aspects  of 
Baptist  education  in  Pennsylvania  which  have  not  come  to 
my  attention.  Up  to  the  present,  however,  the  field  of  Bap- 
tist educational  activities  in  Pennsylvania  as  a  whole  has  re- 
mained open  to  the  historian,  and  the  topic  is  important  for 
its  own  sake.  Just  now,  moreover,  the  entire  question  of 
Baptist  education  in  Pennsylvania  is  under  discussion  and 
can  receive  best  treatment  only  on  the  basis  of  a  knowledge  of 
past  days. 


6  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

I  must  emphasize  at  the  beginning  that  this  paper  is 
only  a  sketch.  Anything  more  would  require  a  small  volume 
at  least.  In  spite  of  the  limits  which  are  imposed  upon  me, 
however,  it  will  be  best  to  give  considerable  attention  to  the 
earlier  days. 

Baptists  began  to  come  to  Pennsylvania  as  early  at  least 
as  1684.  A  company  from  Rhode  Island  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Thomas  Dungan  settled  at  Cold  Spring,  between 
Bristol  and  Trenton,  and  organized  themselves  into  the  first 
Baptist  society  in  Pennsylvania.  This  church  was  of  only 
temporary  duration,  however,  lasting  merely  until  1702. 

In  the  winter  of  1687-1688,  probably  in  the  month  of 
January,  a  church  was  organized  near  Pennepek  Creek  which 
in  its  early  history  was  known  as  the  Pennepek,  but  now  is 
more  quickly  recognized  as  the  Lower  Dublin  church,  within 
the  limits  of  the  present  city  of  Philadelphia.  In  1707  this 
church,  the  only  one  in  Pennsylvania,  with  that  at  the  Welsh 
Tract,  Delaware,  and  the  churches  at  Piscataqua,  Middletown 
and  Cohansie,  N.  J.,  united  into  an  organization  out  of  which 
developed  the  present  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association.  The 
organization  was  very  simple  and  probably  for  some  years 
few  if  any  minutes  or  other  records  of  the  meetings  were 
made.  Not  until  1749  was  there  any  effort  to  secure  a  rec- 
ord of  the  origin  of  the  churches  of  the  association  and  of 
the  annual  gatherings.  From  that  time  on  minutes  of  the 
meetings  were  more  carefully  made  and  from  1766  or  earlier 
they  were  published  in  broadside  or  pamphlet  form. 

I  have  taken  time  to  speak  of  these  simple  origins  and 
the  records  because  on  these  records,  exceedingly  brief  before 
1750,  and  largely  compiled  from  memory,  we  are  chiefly  de- 
pendent for  our  knowledge  concerning  the  beginning  of  Bap- 
tist education  in  Pennsylvania. 

In  these  records  the  first  reference  to  education  is  in 
1722,  very  likely  written  from  the  recollection  of  some  one  who 
was  interested  in  the  action.  The  entire  record  for  that 
year  is  as  follows: 

At  the  Association  in  the  year  1722,  it  was  Proposed 
for  the  Churches  to  make  Enquiry  among  themselves 
if  they  have  any  Young  Persons  hopfull  for  the 
Ministry  And  Inclinable  for  Learning,  And  if  they 
have,  to  Give  Notice  of  it  to  Mr.  Abel  Morgan  before 
the  first  of  November  that  he  might  Recommend  such 
to  the  Accadamie  on  Mr.  Hollis  his  account. 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  7 

This  quaint  language  is  a  reference  to  one  of  the  benefi- 
cences of  Mr.  Thomas  Hollis,  Jr.,  a  wealthy  and  well  disposed 
Baptist  merchant  of  London  and  a  liberal  giver  to  the  Bap- 
tists of  Boston,  who  founded  professorships  in  Harvard  Col- 
lege and  distributed  other  evidences  of  his  generous  interest 
in  education  and  in  religious  life.  What  academy  is  refer- 
red to  is  not  clear.  The  statement  shows,  however,  not  only 
that  Mr.  Hollis  was  disposed  to  aid  in  the  education  of  young 
men  preparing  for  the  ministry,  but  also  that  the  Baptists  of 
the  Philadelphia  association,  which  then  included  all  the 
Baptist  churches  in  the  United  States  as  far  as  they  were 
associated  together,  were  favorably  inclined  to  education  as 
a  requisite  element  in  Baptist  ministerial  life. 

In  connection  with  this  fact  it  should  be  kept  in  mind 
that  the  Baptist  pioneers  of  the  Philadelphia  association  were 
not  altogether  ignorant  men.  Their  leaders  and  many  of 
the  members  of  the  churches  had  come  from  Wales  and  Eng- 
land and  were  not  unacquainted  with  the  elements  of  educa- 
tion. 

A  further  reference  to  the  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia 
association  furnishes  some  evidence  on  this  point.  Recollec- 
tions of  the  associational  activities  gathered  in  1749  were  then 
written  out  in  a  somewhat  pretentious  blank  book  prepared 
for  the  purpose.  This  book  is  still  the  property  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Baptist  Association  deposited  among  the  archives  of 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society  for  preservation. 
I  have  been  interested  to  scan  those  pages  not  simply  for  the 
data  which  they  furnish  but  also  for  the  form  of  English 
composition  which  the  pages  exhibit.  These  pages  are  evi- 
dently the  work  of  men  considerably  skilled  in  the  writing 
of  the  English  language.  The  composition  may  not  be  typi- 
cal of  that  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  Baptists  of  that  day, 
but  we  can  hardly  suppose  that  the  one  who  served  as  clerk 
at  the  time  was  the  only  man  who  possessed  such  qualifica- 
tions as  he  displayed.  In  short  the  early  Baptists  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  Jersey  were  men  of  considerable  education 
for  their  time  and  naturally  desired  an  educated  ministry 
for  themselves  and  their  children. 

It  will  not  be  amiss  here  to  recall  that  while  transporta- 
tion and  communication  in  those  days  were  slow,  from  our 
point  of  view,  the  people  of  the  different  communities  and 
different  colonies  learned  with  such  promptness  as  the  time 


8  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

permitted  what  were  the  events  in  other  communities  and 
other  colonies.  Accordingly  the  members  of  the  Baptist 
churches  throughout  the  broad  limits  of  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Association  not  only  knew  of  Harvard  College  and 
that  the  ministers  of  the  New  Haven  colony  had  organized  in 
1701  an  institution  of  learning  out  of  which  came  Yale  Uni- 
versity, but  also  were  aware  of  other  educational  thought  and 
activities  of  the  period.  It  was  in  no  sense  remarkable, 
therefore,  that  the  action  of  1722  was  taken. 

Indeed  if  we  knew  all  of  the  incidents  which  occurred 
we  should  be  aware  that  the  subject  was  under  more  or  less 
constant  discussion.  This  is  disclosed  through  a  statement 
in  the  minute  for  1729,  according  to  which  it  was  ordered 
"Mr.  Holme  and  Mr.  Jones  to  Write  to  Mr.  Wallen  &  Mr. 
Hollis  to  Mantain  our  Correspondence  with  them  and  others 
in  London/'  This  was  only  two  years  before  the  death  of 
Mr.  Hollis.  He  at  some  time  during  the  period  under  re- 
view had  sent  to  the  Philadelphia  association  a  rather  large 
number  of  books  for  the  use  of  the  ministers  of  the  churches. 
This  is  clear  from  various  references  to  the  volumes,  though 
the  exact  number  of  these  is  nowhere  stated.  These  books 
became  materials  of  ministerial  study  and  sermonic  work  for 
the  entire  century.  Apparently  the  books  were  distributed 
among  the  churches.  Once  distributed  they  were  so  eagerly 
held  that  it  was  difficult  to  bring  them  together.  In  1760 
the  association  appointed  "S.  Morgan  and  Burkloe  to  enquire 
after  the  public  books. ' '  Similar  steps  to  collect  the  volumes 
were  taken  at  various  times  until  in  1809  an  offer  was  ex- 
tended to  bear  the  expense  of  transporting  them  to  Philadel- 
phia if  those  who  had  them  would  forward  the  books.  Even 
that  offer  did  not  bring  the  volumes  together,  and  in  1813 
the  association  voted  to  distribute  the  works  among  such 
churches  as  a  committee  appointed  for  this  purpose  thought 
proper.  Not  until  1829  did  the  committee,  which  was  re- 
appointed  from  time  to  time,  complete  its  work,  make  its  re- 
port, and  be  discharged. 

I  have  thus  sketched  the  career  of  this  gift  of  Mr.  Hollis 
in  advance  of  the  general  course  of  events  because  it  appears 
highly  important.  Mr.  Hollis  undoubtedly  sent  valuable 
books.  They  seem  to  have  been  eagerly  desired  by  ministers 
of  the  association  and  to  have  been  so  attractive  that  it  was 
practically  impossible  to  bring  them  together.  Undoubtedly 
some  of  them  were  lost,  some  were  carelessly  neglected  and 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  9 

went  to  ruin,  and  others  were  worn  out  long  before  the  col- 
lection was  finally  disposed  of.  In  spite  of  this,  the  volumes 
must  have  been  of  large  service  and  have  left  a  permanent 
impression  upon  the  mentality  not  only  of  the  ministers  of 
the  association  but  through  them  upon  the  people  of  the  con- 
gregations. 

We  probably  do  not  understand  the  course  of  Baptist 
education  in  this  commonwealth  unless  we  take  largely  into 
account  the  generous  gift  which  Mr.  Hollis  made  and  recog- 
nize its  enduring  effect.  Such  a  point  of  view  helps  us  to 
understand,  for  example,  the  following  paragraph  in  the  min- 
utes of  1756 : 

Concluded  to  Raise  a  sum  of  Money  Among  our 
Churches  for  the  Encouragement  of  a  Latin  Grammar 
School,  Mr.  Isaac  Eaton  to  be  Master  thereof. 

Isaac  Eaton  was  then  pastor  of  the  church  at  Hopewell, 
New  Jersey.  In  his  home  the  Latin  Grammar  School  was 
established  and  until  1764,  under  his  direction,  served  a  very 
useful  educational  purpose. 

At  first  thought  the  institution  thus  established  appears 
to  have  been  outside  of  Pennsylvania  altogether.  The  loca- 
tion, however,  was  incidental.  If  Mr.  Eaton  had  been  pas- 
tor of  one  of  the  churches  in  Pennsylvania  the  institution 
would  have  been  founded  on  Pennsylvania  soil.  Though 
located  in  New  Jersey  it  was  as  much  a  Pennsylvania  institu- 
tion as  though  it  had  flourished  in  Philadelphia.  The  New 
Jersey  churches  remained,  and  were  to  remain  until  1811, 
members  of  the  Philadelphia  association. 

The  Association  did  not  merely  found  this  academy.  In 
1758  it  is  recorded  that  "what  hath  been  bestowed  hath  been 
Well  laid  Out,  and  seeing  a  number  of  sober  Youths  have  well 
Improved  themselves  in  Usefull  learning  &  like  to  be  helpfull 
in  our  Churches." 

The  association,  in  addition  to  undertaking  the  support 
of  this  educational  movement  itself,  ventured  to  ask  for  aid 
from  the  Baptist  brothers  in  England.  This  is  shown  by  the 
following  quotation  from  a  letter  bearing  date  of  May  16, 
1762,  signed  by  Peter  Peterson  Vanhorn  and  Morgan  Edwards 
which  they  wrote  in  accordance  with  the  order  of  the  associa- 
tion at  its  meeting  in  the  autumn  of  1761 : 


10  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

Some  of  the  churches  are  now  destitute  [of  minis- 
ters] ;  but  we  have  a  prospect  of  supplies  partly  by 
means  of  a  Baptist  Academy  lately  set  up.  This  in- 
fant seminary  of  learning  is  yet  weak,  having  no  more 
than  twenty-four  pounds  a  year  towards  its  support. 
Should  it  be  in  your  power  to  favour  this  school  any 
way  we  presume  you  will  be  pleased  to  know  how? 
A  few  books  proper  for  such  a  school,  or  a  small  ap- 
paratus, or  some  pieces  of  aparatus,  are  more  imme- 
diately wanted,  and  not  to  be  had  easily  in  these 
parts.  We  have  also,  of  late,  endeavoured  to  form 
a  library  at  Philadelphia  for  the  use  of  our  brethren 
in  the  ministry  who  are  not  able  to  purchas  books. 
This  design  also  wants  the  assistance  of  our  brethren 
in  England. 

While  this  academy  flourished  and  was  important  in  it- 
self it  was  even  more  significant,  as  is  well  known,  because 
out  of  it  grew  what  is  now  Brown  University. 

Of  the  relation  of  Brown  to  Hopewell  Academy  and  the 
Philadelphia  association  I  do  not  need  to  speak  at  length, 
since  the  subject  has  been  fully  treated  in  the  histories  of  the 
university  and  of  the  association.  Two  items  in  the  course 
of  events,  however,  may  well  be  mentioned,  since  they  seem 
largely  to  have  been  overlooked. 

One  of  the  prominent  members  of  the  Hopewell  church 
was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hobbs,  widow  of  John  Hobbs.  In  her 
will,  made  in  1763,  after  bequeathing  two  volumes  of  "  Boles 
Annotations"  to  her  church  for  the  perpetual  use  of  its  pas- 
tors and  providing  for  the  distribution  of  three  hundred  copies 
of  Cotton  Mather's  work  entitled  "Gospel  Justification,"  and 
other  items,  she  directed  that  the  remainder  of  her  estate 
"should  go  to  the  education  of  promising  and  pious  young 
men  of  the  Baptist  church  to  be  disposed  of  at  the  discretion 
of  the  Baptist  Association  held  yearly  in  Philadelphia. " 

In  1767  Mrs.  Hobbs  (not  Hubbs  as  the  printed  minutes 
spell  the  name ;  I  am  certain  of  this  as  I  have  read  the  original 
will  which  is  among  the  New  Jersey  archives  at  Trenton)  — 
in  1767  Mrs.  Hobbs  died,  and  the  income  from  the  funds  thus 
received  by  the  association  became  available.  It  was  used, 
as  the  association  minutes  show,  for  aiding  ministerial  stu- 
dents from  the  association  in  their  studies  in  Rhode  Island 
College,  now  Brown  University. 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  11 

The  close  relationship  of  the  association  to  the  univers- 
ity in  those  first  days  and  the  growing  interest  of  the  asso- 
ciation in  Baptist  educational  activities  are  undoubtedly  due, 
to  a  large  extent,  to  this  bequest  of  Mrs.  Hobbs  before  the 
university  was  founded 

The  other  item  which  should  be  brought  into  larger  re- 
lief concerns  the  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  who  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Lower  Dublin  in  1763,  and  was  one  of  the  ablest 
men  among  the  able  leaders  of  Pennsylvania  Baptists  at  the 
close  of  the  eighteenth  century  and  the  beginning  of  the 
nineteenth.  In  1807,  when  the  association  celebrated  its  first 
centennial,  Dr.  Jones,  as  he  had  then  become,  was  recognized 
as  pre-eminently  the  one  who  should  preach  the  century  ser- 
mon. In  a  note  appended  to  that  sermon  he  modestly  wrote : 

In  the  fall  of  1763,  the  writer  of  these  sheets,  on  re- 
quest, repaired  to  Newport,  in  Rhode  Island  and  new- 
modelled  a  rough  draft  they  had  of  a  charter  of  in- 
corporation for  a  college,  which  soon  after  obtained 
Legislative  sanction. 

It  was  a  Pennsylvania  Baptist,  therefore,  who  was  recog- 
nized as  the  man  to  give  substantially  final  form  to  the  char- 
ter of  Brown  University.  This  is  not  generally  known,  I 
think.  It  is  not  widely  known  either,  perhaps,  that  after 
the  death,  in  1791,  of  James  Manning,  the  first  president  of 
Brown  University,  Dr.  Jones  was  offered  the  position  as  his 
successor  and  declined  because  he  felt  that  he  was  too  far  ad- 
vanced in  years  to  assume  such  responsibility.  His  high 
standing  as  an  educator  and  his  service  in  educational  lines 
may  be  further  recognized  from  the  fact  that  from  about 
1765  to  1795  he  conducted  an  educational  institution  at 
Lower  Dublin.  As  he  modestly  described  it  in  the  note  ap- 
pended to  the  century  sermon  referred  to : 

The  writer  kept  a  boarding  school  between  twenty- 
nine  and  thirty  years,  at  Lower  Dublin,  in  which 
many  were  educated,  that  are  now  useful  in  the  dif- 
ferent learned  professions. 

One  of  them,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Allison,  kept  a  large 
Academy  under  his  sole  direction  at  Bordentown,  in 
New  Jersey,  from  whence  issued  many  useful  char- 
acters. 


12  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

The  significance  of  this  modest  reference  to  Dr.  Burgiss 
Allison  and  the  value  of  Dr.  Allison's  service  to  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania  will  be  better  understood  from  the  langu- 
age of  Morgan  Edwards  in  his  "Materials  Toward  a  History 
of  the  Baptists  of  New  Jersey,"  which  was  published  in  1792. 
Mr.  Edwards  wrote : 

Mr.  Allison  is  a  slender  built  man,  and  neither  tall, 
nor  of  firm  constitution ;  yet  approaches  towards  an 
universal  genius  beyond  any  of  my  acquaintance:  his 
stated  preaching  shows  his  skill  in  divinity :  the  aca- 
demy he  opened  in  1778,  gives  him  daily  opportun- 
ities of  displaying  mastership  in  the  liberal  arts,  and 
sciences,  and  ancient  and  modern  languages :  several 
foreign  youths  deem  his  seminary  their  alma  mater: 
foreigners  prefer  him  for  a  tutor,  because  of  his  ac- 
quaintance with  the  French,  Spanish  and  Portuguese, 
&c. :  the  academy  is  well  furnished  with  books,  globes, 
glasses,  and  other  pieces  of  apparatus  for  experiments 
in  natural  philosophy,  astronomy,  geography,  optics, 
hydrostatics,  &c. :  some  of  the  said  pieces  are  of  his 
own  fabrication:  he  is  now  preparing  materials  for 
an  orrery,  on  an  improved  plan.  He  is  not  a  strang- 
er to  the  muses  and  graces;  for  he  is  an  adept  in 
music,  drawing,  painting,  katoptrics,  &c. :  he  has  two 
curious  and  well  finisned  chandeliers  in  his  parlour, 
which  show  the  maker  whenever  he  stands  before 
them.  He  is  as  remarkable  a  mechanic  as  he  is  an 
artist  and  philosopher :  the  lathe,  the  plane,  the  ham- 
mer, the  chisel,  the  graver,  &c.,  have  displayed  his 
skill  in  the  use  of  tools.  His  accomplishments  have 
gained  him  a  name  and  a  place  in  our  philosophical 
society;  and  in  that  distinguished  by  the  name  of 
Rumsey;  and  in  the  society  for  promoting  agriculture 
and  home  manufactures. — Mr.  Allison  was  born  at 
Bordentown,  Aug.  17,  1753 :  finished  his  education  at 
Pennepek,  under  the  tuition  of  dr.  Jones;  and  was 
ordained  by  him,  Jnn.  10.  1781. 

Morgan  Edwards,  the  writer  of  this  gracious  description, 
was  himself  a  man  of  no  mean  attainments  and  his  words  can 
hardly  be  regarded  as  fulsome  praise.  Taken  at  their  proper 
worth,  therefore,  they  reveal  most  strikingly  not  only  the 
educational  possibilities  offered  by  Mr.  Allison  but  also  the 
high  character  of  instruction  given  by  Samuel  Jones  in  his 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  13 

boarding  school  at  Lower  Dublin,  and  something  of  the  edu- 
cational atmosphere  in  Pennsylvania  before  the  year  1800. 

During  this  period  another  bequest  came  to  the  Phila- 
delphia association.  This  was  the  legacy  received  through 
the  will  of  John  Honeywell,  of  Knowlton,  Sussex  (now  War- 
ren) county,  New  Jersey.  This  was  announced  to  the  asso- 
ciation at  the  meeting  in  1782,  and  a  committee  was  appoint- 
ed to  give  attention  to  the  bequest.  The  story  of  this  bequest 
and  the  educational  results  would,  by  themselves,  furnish 
material  for  an  entire  discourse.  Geographically  this  educa- 
tional enterprise  was  connected  with  New  Jersey,  but  it  was 
a  gift  to  the  Philadelphia  association,  which  still  included 
the  New  Jersey  churches,  and  its  history  has  been  identified 
with  the  work  of  Pennsylvania  Baptists.  I  shall  not  attempt 
here  anything  more  than  to  state  that  a  school  was  establish- 
ed and  has  been  maintained  through  the  years.  Records  of 
the  institution  including  financial  details  and  other  accounts 
of  individuals  are  preserved  in  manuscript  in  the  records  of 
the  association  deposited  in  the  library  of  the  American 
Baptist  Historical  Society  and  furnish  highly  interesting 
reading  for  those  who  care  to  consider  the  details  of  develop- 
ments of  Baptist  education  in  Pennsylvania. 

During  recent  years  under  the  entirely  changed  condi- 
tions which  now  prevail  the  association  has  found  difficulty, 
as  might  be  expected,  in  maintaining  the  school  according  to 
its  original  purpose.  In  view  of  this  the  association  through 
its  trustees  has  recently  taken  steps  to  transfer  this  Honey- 
well School  Fund  to  the  authorities  of  Warren  county.  At 
the  meeting  of  the  association  on  October  4,  1917,  the  trus- 
tees recommended  that  if  such  a  transfer  of  funds  "  cannot 
be  legally  done,  that  the  properties  be  sold,  and  the  income 
paid  to  the  school  authorities  of  Warren  County,  N.  J.,  for 
the  support  of  a  teacher  under  their  direction. ' ' 

It  may  be  assumed  that  the  number  of  such  educational 
bequests,  in  connection  with  other  educational  activities  of  the 
Philadelphia  association,  has  had  a  perceptible  influence  on 
educational  affairs  in  southeastern  Pennsylvania.  At  any 
rate  it  furnishes  a  factor  in  the  development  of  Pennsylvania 
Baptist  educational  activities. 

In  1787  it  was  announced  to  the  Association  that  * '  a  real 
Estate  in  New  Castle  county  in  the  state  of  Delaware,  had 
been  demised  by  Reese  Jones  to  the  Ministers  of  this  Associa- 
tion, for  the  education  of  young  men,"  and  a  committee  was 


14  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

appointed  to  secure  control  of  the  gift,  the  expense  of  such 
work  on  the  part  of  the  committee  being  guaranteed.  The 
later  minutes  do  not  show  what  the  outcome  was,  as  there 
is  no  further  reference  to  the  bequest,  but  apparently  the  in- 
tentions of  the  testator  were  not  realized  and  no  money  came 
to  the  association. 

As  throwing  some  light  on  the  work  of  Samuel  Jones  at 
Lower  Dublin  during  this  period  in  undertaking  the  over- 
sight of  young  men  studying  for  the  ministry,  a  statement 
from  the  minutes  of  1789  is  suggestive.  In  this  minute  we 
are  told  that  Samuel  Jones  was  to  take  Mr.  Silas  Walton 

under  his  care,  for  instruction,  for  one  year  at  £25 
for  his  accommodations,  including  the  use  of  neces- 
sary books,  on  our  account,  .  .  .  the  said  Wal- 
ton to  give  his  obligation  to  refund  the  money  with- 
in seven  years,  if  he  should  not  become  a  minister 
of  our  order  within  that  time,  and  continue  therein. 

In  view  of  the  xabove  minute  it  seems  probable  that  the 
school  conducted  by  Samuel  Jones  had  become  a  quasi  asso- 
ciational  academy.  If  so,  it  would  explain  the  action  of  the 
association  in  1792  when  a  committee  was  appointed  to  in- 
vestigate concerning 

a  considerable  sum  of  money  in  the  hands  of  the 
heirs,  executors,  or  administrators  of  the  late  Isaac 
Jones,  Esq.,  belonging  to  the  funds  of  the  grammar 
school  under  the  direction  of  this  Association,  the 
amount  of  which  is  at  present  uncertain. 

Another  possible  explanation  of  the  above  reference  to 
a  grammar  school  is  to  be  found  in  the  following  which  ap- 
pears on  page  332  of  the  printed  "Minutes  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Baptist  Association,  from  A.  D.  1707  to  A.  D.  1807, " 
which  were  published  in  1851 : 

ADDENDA  TO  1797. 
Baptist  Grammar  School — Pecuniary  Transfer,  &c. 

March  29th,  1797. 

Whereas,  several  of  the  churches  belonging  to  the 
Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  about  five  and 
thirty  years  ago,  subscribed  and  collected  money,  for 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  15 

the  purpose  of  supporting  a  Grammar  school  in  their 
connection,  that  young  men,  promising  for  the  min- 
istry, might  enjoy  the  benefits  of  education :  Now  the 
subscribers,  trustees  of  said  money,  considering: 
That  it  is  inconvenient  for  them  from  distant  parts 
to  attend  to  so  small  a  concern ;  that  the  trustees  of 
the  Association  aforesaid  have  a  considerable  sum 
or  sums  of  money  in  their  hands  for  the  very  same 
use ;  that  the  said  Association  could  take  care  of  and 
apply  the  money  now  in  the  care  of  the  subscribers 
under  one  trouble,  if  the  same  was  committed  to  their 
care,  and  that  it  is  troublesome,  unnecessary  and  use- 
less, to  have  two  sets  of  trustees  for  the  very  same 
purpose : 

The  subscribers  do  therefore  resolve,  vote  and  de- 
termine, that  the  monies  in  their  care  for  the  use 
above  said,  shall  be  delivered  to  the  trustees  of  the 
Association  aforesaid,  the  interest  whereof  to  be  ap- 
plied by  said  trustees  to  the  original  use  and  design, 
and  no  other;  and  the  said  Association  trustees  are 
hereby  desired,  authorized,  and  empowered  to  re- 
ceive, sue  for,  and  recover  all  monies,  bonds,  notes, 
book  debts,  books,  papers,  or  other  property  what- 
ever pertaining  to  the  subscribers,  as  trustees  as 
aforesaid,  and  to  give  proper  receipts  and  discharge 
for  the  same,  in  as  effectual  a  manner  as  themselves 
might  or  could  do. 


In  witness  whereof,  they  have  hereunto  set  their 
hands. 


Samuel   Jones,   of  Lower  Dublin. 
Silas  Hough,  of  Montgomery. 
Arthur  Watts. 
Benjamin  Bennet,  of  Middletown. 

[Note. — The  above  act  of  pecuniary  transfer  was  in 
my  possession,  in  manuscript,  and  does  not  appear 
ever  to  have  been  incorporated  with  the  minutes,  nor 
regarded  as  belonging  properly  to  the  records  of  the 
Association;  but  it  belonging  now  to  history,  and 
relating  to  property  for  which,  I  believe,  the  Asso- 
ciation is  yet  responsible,  I  have  thought  best  to  in- 
sert it  here. — Ed.]  (This  editor  was  A.  D.  Gillette 
F.  G.  L.) 


16  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Association  in  1795  a  tl  Circular 
Letter  published  by  an  Association  Meeting  at  Bromsgrove, 
in  England,  on  the  Education  of  Children,"  was  recommend- 
ed for  republication  and  was  printed  under  the  direction  of 
Thomas  Ustick.  This  discloses  that  the  Baptists  of  the  Phila- 
delphia association  were  interested  not  simply  to  avail  them- 
selves of  American  educational  resources  but  also  to  utilize 
an  opportune  publication  from  the  mother  country. 

Probably  as  a  result  of  the  above  action  and  for  other 
reasons  the  minutes  for  1800  and  succeeding  years  reveal  an 
increased  interest  in  educational  work.  Money  was  collect- 
ed and  Thomas  Ustick  was  authorized  to  distribute  it  in  the 
education  of  several  young  men  whose  names  are  given. 

In  connection  with  this  work  of  Mr.  Ustick  it  is  perhaps 
worth  while  to  note  that  in  1800  he  was  appointed  librarian 
''to  take  charge  of  the  Books  belonging  to  the  Association, 
and  to  make  report  of  their  condition."  Thus  young  men 
who  were  studying  for  the  ministry  were  brought  at  once  into 
contact  with  a  man  who  handled  the  money  for  their  assist- 
ance and  at  the  same  time  was  concerned  with  the  books 
which  the  association  possessed  for  the  use  of  its  ministers. 
This  may  have  been  of  extensive  educational  significance. 

An  apparently  new  step  was  taken  by  the  association 
in  1800,  as  is  seen  from  the  following  minute : 

It  is  recommended  to  our  Churches,  that  a  sermon 
be  annually  preached  among  them,  and  after  it  a 
collection  be  made,  whose  amount  be  returned  to  the 
Association  at  their  subsequent  Meeting,  in  order 
to  augment  the  fund  for  the  education  of  such  pious 
young  men  as  appear  promising  for  usefulness  in  the 
ministry  of  the  Gospel. 

The  next  year,  1801,  a  total  of  $59.54  as  a  collection  from 
five  churches  was  reported.  Similar  contributions  reached 
$84.37  in  1804  and  were  reported  during  each  of  the  next 
half  dozen  years. 

"We  have  a  side-light  on  the  intellectual  and  educational 
conditions  of  the  time  from  the  fact  that  in  1807  the  asso- 
ciation recommended  to  each  of  its  churches  to  subscribe  for 
a  copy  of  Dr.  Grill's  Exposition  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment, for  the  use  of  their  ministers.  It  does  not  follow,  of 
course,  that  each  church  did  this,  or  that  L!!  of  the  ministers 
made  large  use  of  Dr.  Gill's  great  work.  It  is  of  some 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  17 

significance,  however,  that  the  ministers  were  regarded  as 
capable  of  using  to  advantage  such  volumes  of  Biblical  ex- 
position. And  this  interest  in  Dr.  Gill's  great  work  con- 
tinued, for  we  read  in  the  minutes  of  1819  that  the  nine  mas- 
sive volumes  were  finally  off  the  press,  and  were  offered  to  the 
ministers  and  churches  at  the  relatively  low  price  of  $50.00 
for  the  set. 

It  is  not  without  meaning  that  we  find  in  the  minutes 
for  1819  a  notice  that  a  Baptist  Almanac  for  1820  had  been 
published  and  was  recommended  to  the  churches.  While 
such  a  publication  was  hardly  a  text  book,  those  who  are  fa- 
miliar with  early  almanacs  are  aware  that  the  person  who 
perused  their  pages  could  hardly  turn  from  them  as  ill-in- 
formed as  when  he  opened  the  books. 

In  1805  Rev.  Dr.  William  Staughton  came  to  the  First 
Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  greatly  interested 
both  in  young  men  and  in  education.  In  March,  1807,  he 
consented  to  give  theological  instruction  to  Daniel  Sharp, 
afterwards  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  Sharp.  As  time  went  on  he  ac- 
cepted other  young  men  for  similar  instruction.  In  July, 
1812,  as  an  outgrowth  of  his  teaching,  and  probably  intended 
as  a  wider  support  for  it,  there  was  organized  in  the  First 
Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia,  the  Baptist  Education  Society 
of  the  Middle  States,  which  was  to  support  an  institution  of 
learning.  In  connection  with  the  step  there  was  offered  to 
American  Baptists  an  Address  on  the  subject  which,  together 
with  the  constitution  of  the  society,  was  published  in  the 
Massachusetts  Baptist  Missionary  Magazine  for  September, 
1812.  The  Address  covers  two  pages.  In  it  the  signers 
said: 

Several  young  men,  we  understand,  in  the  states  of 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  New  York,  and  some 
in  other  sister  states,  are  anxious  to  enjoy  privileges 
such  as  the  new  institution  which  we  propose  will 
supply. 

An  establishment  of  this  nature  must  be  begun  by 
some  persons.  The  ministering  brethren  in  Phila- 
delphia have  learned  with  pleasure,  that  in  the  New 
Jersey  association,  and  among  the  brethren  in  New 
York,  considerable  solicitude  of  mind  has  been  awak- 
ened on  this  subject.  They  will  feel  happy  in  co-op- 
erating with  them,  and  with  any  of  their  Christian 
friends,  in  giving  origin,  efficacy  and  permanence  to 
the  institution. 


18  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

Though  the  society  was  nominally  for  ''the  Middle 
States,"  it  was  really  local  to  Philadelphia  and  came  to  be 
called  the  Baptist  Education  Society  of  Philadelphia,  as  is 
clear  from  the  language  of  Rev.  S.  W.  Lynd,  the  son-in-law 
and  biographer  of  Dr.  Staughton,  who  tells  us  also  that  at 
the  beginning  of  1813  Dr.  Staughton  "was  unanimously  elect- 
ed tutor." 

In  May,  1814,  in  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Philadelphia, 
"The  General  Missionary  Convention  of  the  Baptist  Denom- 
ination in  the  United  States  of  America,  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions," popularly  called  the  Triennial  Convention,  was  organ- 
ized. Rev.  Dr.  Richard  Furman,  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  was  elected  president.  In  his  Address  to  Ameri- 
can Baptists,  issued  at  the  close  of  the  meeting,  he  urged  the 
importance  of  ministerial  education.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
convention  in  May,  1817,  also  held  in  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Fur- 
man took  occasion  to  deliver  a  special  address  on  education. 
This  led  to  the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  the  subject. 
The  following  July  the  Baptist  Education  Society  of  Phila- 
delphia offered  to  co-operate  with  the  convention  in  support 
of  the  educational  institution  which  was  now  being  favorably 
considered. 

As  a  result  of  these  combined  efforts  a  school  was  opened 
in  the  autumn  of  1818  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Staughton  was 
principal  of  the  institution  and  had  as  associate  Rev.  Irah 
Chase,  a  scholarly  young  man,  who  was  then  beginning  a 
distinguished  educational  career.  The  school  owned  no 
building,  the  work  being  carried  on  in  rooms  provided  from 
time  to  time.  The  first  commencement  was  held  April  25, 
1821,  at  the  date  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  convention 
Board,  and  a  certificate  was  given  to  each  of  the  seven  gradu- 
ates testifying  that  he  had  been  ' '  a  member  of  the  Theological 
Institution  of  the  Baptist  General  Convention." 

From  1817  on  there  had  been  some  of  the  leaders  of  the 
convention,  particularly  Rev.  Luther  Rice,  who  felt  that  an 
institution  supported  by  the  Baptists  of  the  entire  country 
should  be  located  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  1819  a 
site  of  forty-six  and  one  half  acres  was  secured  there.  Build- 
ings were  soon  after  begun  and  in*  the  autumn  of  1821  the 
convention  school  was  moved  to  Washington  and  opened  un- 
der the  name  of  "the  Columbian  College,  in  the  District  of 
Columbia, ' ' 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  19 

Such  in  brief  is  the  history  of  an  institution  which, 
though  never  intended  to  be  local  to  Philadelphia,  was  actual- 
ly a  Pennsylvania  enterprise  to  a  large  extent,  until  it  was 
transferred  to  Washington,  and  deserves  mention  in  this 
sketch,  though  adequate  treatment  of  its  record,  preserved  in 
the  annual  reports  of  the  convention  and  in  the  Latter  Day 
Luminary,  is  impossible. 

We  have  now  viewed  rapidly  some  of  the  more  important 
educational  activities  of  the  Baptists  of  Pennsylvania  during 
somewhat  more  than  a  century  and  a  quarter.  We  have 
come  also  to  a  time  which  opened  a  new  period  in  Baptist 
education  in  the  Keystone  State.  Before  we  proceed  to  that 
interesting  development  it  may  be  worth  while  to  record  two 
or  three  general  impressions  concerning  the  Baptist  educa- 
tional situation  in  Pennsylvania  up  to  about  1830. 

A  prominent  element  of  those  impressions  is  that  the 
education  thus  far  had  been,  primarily,  if  not  indeed  almost 
exclusively  ministerial.  To  be  sure  Dr.  Jones  told  us  in  the 
note  above  that  there  had  gone  out  from  his  boarding  school 
those  who  were  " useful  in  the  different  learned  professions," 
and  Morgan  Edwards'  sketch  of  Dr.  Burgiss  Allison,  makes 
clear  that  the  academy  kept  by  him  did  not  limit  its  training 
to  religious  subjects.  This  statement  undoubtedly  accounts 
for  the  fact  that  in  the  membership  of  the  churches  of  the 
Philadelphia  association  there  were  laymen  of  considerable 
educational  attainments.  Nevertheless  education  of  those 
outside  of  the  ministry  was  largely  incidental.  There  is  no 
reference  to  education  for  women ;  the  time  for  it  had  not  yet 
come.  Education  was  thought  of  primarily  for  the  church 
leaders,  and  there  is  little  to  suggest  that  institutions  of  learn- 
ing would  have  been  established  except  for  the  training  of 
men  for  the  ministry.  In  fact  advanced  training  for  min- 
isterial students  was  not  regarded  as  requisite  for  leadership 
among  Baptists. 

This  is  perfectly  clear  from  the  language  of  another  para- 
graph in  the  note  to  Dr.  Jones'  century  sermon,  and  it  has 
the  greater  significance  coming  from  such  a  man  as  Samuel 
Jones  as  late  as  the  year  1807.  The  paragraph  is  as  follows : 

The  Baptists,  as  a  society,  have  never  considered 
the  higher  branches  of  learning  as  essential  to  the 
gospel  ministry,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  senti- 
ment is  perfectly  correct.  They  have,  nevertheless, 


20  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

held  education  in  high  esteem,  as  a  handmaid  to 
grace,  and  have  always  had  not  a  few  among  them, 
that  ranked  pretty  high  for  literary  improvement 
and  extensive  reading. 

With  this  point  of  view  in  control,  the  outcome  for  Bap- 
tist education  is  graphically  seen  from  the  language  of  Rev. 
George  M.  Spratt,  D.D.,when  he  reviewed,  in  1884,  his  ministry 
of  half  a  century  in  Pennsylvania.  He  tells  us  that  as  late 
as  about  1830  the  children 

profited  by  a  quarter's  schooling  each  year,  for  one 
or  more  years,  generally  under  the  tuition  of  some 
Miss  in  her  teens,  and  graduated  with  limited  knowl- 
edge of  reading,  writing,  and  spelling.  The  common 
school  system,  that  blessing  of  the  present  day,  was 
then  unknown,  and  when,  some  years  later,  it  was 
introduced,  met  with  strong  opposition. 

The  Baptists  were  comparatively  few  and  devoid  of 
wealth;  only  a  single  Baptist  minister  with  college 
training  could  be  found  beyond  the  limits  of  Phil- 
adelphia. Not  an  academy  existed,  nor  had  we  any 
private  schools  or  seminaries  in  the  State. 

Dr.  Spratt  spoke  out  of  an  experience  which  made  him 
familiar  with  the  facts.  He  probably  did  not  over-state  the 
situation.  While  Baptists  in  Pennsylvania  previous  to  about 
1830  had  been  far  from  a  really  ignorant  folk,  they  were  like- 
wise far  from  being  interested  in  general  education. 

A  better  day,  however,  was  about  to  dawn.  The  first 
signs  of  the  new  light  manifested  themselves  in  1832.  In  the 
minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  association  in  that  year  we  read : 

H.  G.  Jones  offered  a  resolution  that  this  body  take 
measures  to  have  a  Manual  Labor  School  established 
on  the  farm  lately  bequeathed  us  by  Elder  Straw- 
bridge,  which  resolution  was  referred  to  the  Board  of 
Trustees. 

Twelve  years  before  this  action  there  were,  among  the 
energetic  pioneers  who  were  taking  possession  of  central 
Pennsylvania,  some  Baptists  who  organized  the  Northumber- 
land Baptist  Association.  In  1832,  almost  coincident  with 
the  action  of  the  Philadelphia  association,  these  enterprising 
Baptists  of  the  central  portion  of  the  state  adopted  the  fol- 
lowing : 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  21 

Resolved,  That  the  exigencies  of  our  denomination 
require  that  an  effort  be  made  to  established  a  Manu- 
al Labor  Academy,  in  the  interior  of  this  common- 
wealth, for  the  education  of  our  sons,  and  to  furnish 
facilities  for  literary  and  theological  improvement, 
to  brethren  who  may  have  been  approbated  to  preach. 

It  was  at  once  a  question  which  of  these  two  movements 
should  receive  the  support  of  Pennsylvania  Baptists.  For 
the  moment  the  advantages,  as  may  easily  be  seen,  were  in 
favor  of  the  Philadelphia  brethren  and  in  the  minutes  of 
their  meeting  in  1833  we  read : 

The  Resolution  offered  by  H.  Gr.  Jones,  last  session, 
concerning  a  Manual  Labor  Seminary,  having  been 
referred  to  the  Corporation,  the  President  of  the 
body  corporate  reported — 

That  the  business  committed  to  their  care  had  been 
deliberately  considered,  and  that  it  was  found  inex- 
pedient to  locate  the  Institution  on  the  farm  belong- 
ing to  the  body  in  Lower  Providence ;  and  that,  after 
patient  inquiry,  it  was  ascertained  that  an  estate 
might  be  obtained  at  Haddington,  four  miles  west  of 
Philadelphia.  The  estate  has  been  purchased  by 
order  of  the  Board,  and  the  Institution  will  be  in 
readiness  to  receive  students  the  present  month. 
Suitable  teachers,  professors,  &c.,  have  been  engaged, 
and  a  number  of  students  are  in  readiness  to  enter 
upon  their  studies. 

[By  order  of  the  Corporation, 
H.  G-.  Jones,  President.] 


Resolved,  That  brethren  Jenkins,  McLeod,  and  I. 
M.  Allen,  be  a  Committee  to  nominate  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  to  whom  shall  be  committed  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Institution  at  Haddington. 

A  board  was  appointed  consisting  of  twenty-five  mem- 
bers and  the  beginning  appeared  thoroughly  auspicious.  In 
1834  those  in  charge  of  the  movement  issued  an  eight  page 
pamphlet  entitled  "A  Report  On  Haddington  Institution," 
a  copy  of  which  the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society  is 
so  fortunate  as  to  possess.  After  a  general  statement  giv- 
ing the  location  and  purpose  of  the  Institution  and  a  four 
year  course  of  study  there  is  this  interesting  paragraph: 


22  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

In  conclusion  we  observe,  the  Haddington  Institu- 
tion is  the  only  one  belonging  to  the  Baptist  denom- 
ination in  Pennsylvania;  and  is  the  first  exclusively 
established  by  the  oldest  Association  of  our  faith  in 
America. 

Naturally  the  subject  of  this  Institution  came  before  the 
Philadelphia  association  at  its  meeting  in  October,  1834.  In 
the  minutes  of  that  meeting  we  find  this  paragraph : 

A  communication  from  a  committee  in  New  Jersey, 
respecting  a  general  system  of  education,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  concentrating  the  efforts  of  the  Baptist  inter- 
est in  the  middle  states,  was  received  and  referred  to 
brethren  L.  Tucker,  H.  G.  Jones,  J.  H.  Kennard,  J. 
Matthias,  H.  Malcom,  D.  Dodge,  and  S.  Bernard  with 
the  committee. 

Thus  we  discover  that  the  New  Jersey  Baptists  were  as 
thoroughly  awake  to  the  needs  of  Baptist  education  as  were 
their  brothers  in  Pennsylvania.  The  committee,  thus  ap- 
pointed, made  a  report  later  in  the  day  which  seems  import- 
ant to  include  here  in  full.  It  reads : 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  communi- 
cation from  a  committee  in  New  Jersey,  respect- 
ing a  general  system  of  Education  reported : 

That  they  have  carefully  considered  said  communi- 
cation. They  regard  the  subject  as  one  of  absorb- 
ing magnitude,  and  fully  accord  with  the  general 
views  there  expressed  of  the  value  of  such  an  insti- 
tution, and  the  great  importance  of  uniting,  on  this 
subject,  all  our  churches  in  this  and  the  adjacent 
States. 

They  recommend  that  the  Seminary  be  put  on  a 
more  general  footing,  so  far  as  can  be  done  consist- 
ently with  its  doctrinal  purity,  and  the  securing  of 
the  interests  of  this  Association.  They  also  recom- 
mend that  the  Association  call  a  Convention,  to  con- 
sist of  the  Pastor  and  a  delegate,  or  of  two  members 
if  the  Pastor  cannot  attend,  from  any  church  which 
may  choose  to  send,  within  the  middle  States:  to 
meet  at  Sansom  street  meeting  house,  Philadelphia, 
on  the  first  Wednesday  of  December,  at  11  o'clock, 
A.  M. 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  23 

Which  report  was  accepted.  Brethren  Kennard 
and  Huggens,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  issue 
circulars  to  all  the  Baptist  Churches  in  the  middle 
states,  informing  them  of  the  intended  convention 
to  be  held  on  the  general  system  of  Education. 

The  minutes  of  the  Philadelphia  association  for  1835  to 
1838,  contain  relatively  glowing  accounts  of  this  school,  which 
in  the  meanwhile  had  been  removed  to  Germantown  and  in 
the  minutes  of  1838  is  called  the  Germantown  Collegiate  In- 
stitution. The  minutes  of  1838  tell  us  that  "The  Hebrew, 
Greek,  Latin,  English,  French,  and  Spanish  languages  are 
taught  by  eminent  and  well  known  instructors.  ...  It 
will  be  remembered  that  the  theological  students  will  be  gra- 
tuitously instructed. ' ' 

How  an  institution  which  seems  to  have  been  thus  thor- 
oughly under  way  appears  suddenly  to  have  dropped  out  of 
existence  I  have  not  discovered.  That  its  career  did  sudden- 
ly cease  is  probable  from  the  fact  that  nothing  further  is 
said  concerning  it  in  the  associational  minutes. 

Whatever  the  course  of  events,  they  were  sufficient  from 
1834  on  to  influence  the  Northumberland  association  so  that 
no  further  action  was  taken  by  that  body.  The  field  was  left 
open  to  the  Philadelphia  association,  however,  with  cordial 
good  will  on  the  part  of  the  Northumberland  brethren,  as  is 
seen  from  the  action  which  they  adopted  in  1834  and  repeat- 
ed in  1835. 

Resolved,  That  we  view  the  exertions  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia Baptist  Association,  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Haddington  Literary  and  Theological  Institu- 
tion, with  deep  interest,  and  feel  highly  gratified  in 
hearing  of  its  present  flourishing  prospects. 

When  the  Haddington  Institution  was  discontinued  the 
field  was  once  more  open  throughout  the  state  for  any- 
further  venture.  Apparently  there  were  varying  currents 
in  the  tide  of  thought.  It  was  the  time  when  Sunday  schools 
were  beginning  to  receive  some  attention  on  the  part  of  Phil- 
adelphia Baptists.  The  minutes  of  1835  record  that  the 
Philadelphia  association  gave  place  for  an  afternoon  to  a 
meeting  of  the  Baptist  Sunday  schools  of  Philadelphia.  In 
1838  for  the  first  time  the  associational  minutes  contained 
Sunday  school  satistics.  We  cannot,  however,  regard  the 


24  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

Sunday  school  activities  of  those  days  as  in  any  considerable 
sense  educational,  since  in  1838  their  purpose  is  emphasized 
as  being  only  "a  means  in  the  conversion  of  souls. "  The 
following  year  in  fact,  the  idea  was  put  even  more  strongly 
when  the  association  said  that  "the  ultimate  object  of  the 
Sabbath  school  is  ' l  the  eternal  salvation  of  the  soul. ' ' 

Another  current  was  in  the  form  of  some  sort  of  an  edu- 
cation society,  since  in  1835  the  association  recorded  its  ap- 
proval of  "the  efforts  of  the  Pennsylvania  Education  So- 
ciety." I  have  not  discovered  just  what  this  education  so- 
ciety was.  The  thought  of  such  a  society,  however,  must 
have  been  a  permanent  feature  in  the  informal  discussions 
of  the  day.  This  is  evident  from  action  which  was  taken  in 
Philadelphia  on  September  18,  1839,  when,  by  common  con- 
sent, after  formal  notice  on  the  part  of  Baptist  leaders,  the 
Philadelphia  Education  society  was  organized  in  the  First 
Baptist  Church 

as  the  deliberate  conviction  of  this  meeting  that  the 
great  want  of  a  well  trained  and  efficient  ministry 
.     plainly  requires  the  present  formation  of 
an  Education  Society  for  this  city  and  vicinity. 

At  the  meeting  the  next  year,  which  was  held  on  Novem- 
ber 5th,  the  name  of  the  organization  was  changed  to  The 
Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society.  At  that  meeting 
in  1840  a  constitution  was  adopted.  The  first  article  stated 
that 

the  exclusive  object  of  this  society  shall  be  to  aid  in 
acquiring  a  suitable  education,  such  indigent,  pious 
young  men  of  the  Baptist  demonination  as  shall  give 
satisfactory  evidence  to  the  churches  of  which  they 
are  members,  that  they  are  called  of  God  to  the 
Gospel  ministry. 

Thus  originated  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education 
Society,  which  since  that  time  has  been  particularly  concern- 
ed with  the  education  of  young  men  devoted  to  the  ministry 
of  the  gospel.  The  history  of  the  society  itself  is  a  very 
significant  element  in  Baptist  educational  affairs  from  those 
days  on.  Its  activities  have  become  more  closely  related  to 
other  Baptist  organizations  in  the  state.  As  a  result  of 
this,  from  1871  it  began  to  hold  its  sessions  at  the  same  time 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  25 

as  the  state  missionary  society  and  in  1908  became  the  Edu- 
cation Board  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Conven- 
tion. 

To  tell  the  story  of  the  society's  work  would  be  most  wel- 
come and  I  am  tempted  to  yield  to  its  inducements.  Since, 
however,  as  I  have  stated  at  the  beginning  of  this  paper,  an 
account  of  its  work  was  written  by  Dr.  Jacob  G.  Walker  and 
published  in  the  society's  report  of  1909,  it  is  advisable  here 
to  give  less  attention  to  that  aspect  of  my  theme  and  bring 
into  fuller  relief  other  activities  which  have  not  been  so  thor- 
oughly treated.  In  connection  with  these  other  events  I 
shall  touch  upon  activities  of  the  Education  Society  which 
are  so  important  that  they  must  not  be  left  without  mention. 

Returning  to  the  days  following  1830  we  deal  with  some 
of  the  most  far-reaching  developments  covered  by  the  subject 
in  hand.  While  the  Haddington  Institution  did  not  suc- 
ceed, the  movement  out  of  which  it  grew  revealed  ideas  of 
education  which  were  substantially  new.  The  institution 
was  conceived  of  as  a  Manual  Labor  school  and  thus  looked 
in  the  direction  of  training  for  the  hands  as  well  as  for  the 
mind.  The  scope  of  the  institution  was  not  limited  to  min- 
isterial education.  It  assumed  a  much  broader  field  of  work. 
Though  those  ambitions  were  not  realized  at  Haddington,  or 
Germantown,  they  were  to  find  development  elsewhere.  They 
were  the  same  sorts  of  ideas  as  those  which  prompted  the  new 
step  of  the  Northumberland  association  in  1832. 

The  Northumberland  Baptists  did  not  lose  the  thought 
which  prompted  that  first  action.  They  maintained  a  com- 
mittee on  education.  In  1844  this  committee  offered  an  ex- 
tended report  in  which  they  stated: 

In  1841  the  Association  passed  a  unanimous  resolu- 
tion "to  become  auxiliary  to  the  Pa.  Bap.  Ed.  So- 
ciety," but  according  to  the  tables  showing  the 
amounts  contributed  for  the  different  benevolent  ob- 
jects, it  appears  that  only  FOUR  churches  in  the 
whole  Association  contributed  any  that  year  for  this 
object.  In  1842  only  THREE  churches  contributed 
for  the  same  object,  and  in  1843  only  TWO  churches 
— leaving  14  churches  in  the  association  who  did  not 
accompany  their  prayer,  "Lord  send  forth  laborers 
into  the  vineyard,"  with  the  donation  of  a  penny! 

Our  sister  States  are  annually  pouring  their  thous- 
sands  into  the  Treasury  of  the  Ed.  Society.  In  '42 


26  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

the  small  state  of  New  Jersey  with  only  9,000  Bap- 
tists raised,  for  the  education  cause,  $2,000,  besides 
supporting  all  of  her  own  beneficiaries.  While 
Pennsylvania  with  nearly  THREE  TIMES  that 
number  of  Baptists  raised  the  same  year  but  $560! 
Brethren  what  is  the  cause  of  this  astonishing  differ- 
ence? 

The  report  from  which  the  above  is  quoted  was  written 
by  C.  A.  Hewitt,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lewisburg.  In 
1845  the  chairman  of  the  committee  was  Rev.  Joel  E.  Brad- 
ley, who  during  the  year  since  the  last  meeting  had  succeed- 
ed Mr.  Hewitt  as  pastor  of  the  Lewisburg  church.  He  like 
his  precedecessor,  offered  an  urgent  communication  to  his 
brothers  of  the  Northumberland  association.  In  this  report 
he  said: 

Your  committee  have  endeavored  to  discover  the 
cause  of  the  lamentable  lethargy  on  this  subject  which 
seems  to  pervade  the  Pennsylvania  Churches,  and  are 
inclined  to  ascribe  it,  in  great  part,  to  the  facts,  that 
our  literary  institutions  are  in  other  States,  and  that 
young  men  educated  elsewhere  cannot  act  as  efficient- 
ly upon  the  population  of  our  State  as  could  those 
educated  among  us.  The  establishment  of  an  Insti- 
tution in  our  midst  is  absolutely  necessary,  in  order 
to  bring  out  the  strength  of  our  denomination  in 
Pennsylvania.  Your  Committee  therefore  earnestly 
recommend  to  this  Association  the  adoption  of  meas- 
ures for  the  establishment  of  a  Literary  and  Theo- 
logical Institution  in  this  State. 

J.  E.  BRADLEY, 

Chairman. 

The  minutes  continue: 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  five  persons  be 
appointed  to  report  this  afternoon  on  the  propriety 
of  forming  a  Literary  and  Theological  Seminary  in 
central  Pennsylvania,  when  brethren  Tucker,  Lud- 
wig,  Bradley,  J.  G-.  Miles,  and  J.  Moore,  Sr.,  were 
appointed  that  Committee. 

This  committee  later  in  the  day  submitted  its  report  as 
follows : 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  27 

The  committee  appointed  to  report  on  the  expedi- 
ency of  forming  a  Literary  and  Theological  Semin- 
ary in  Central  Pennsylvania,  submit  the  following, 
wnich  was  received,  viz: 

They  heartily  approve  of  the  establishment  of  a 
literary  institution  of  a  high  order,  in  the  interior 
of  our  State,  and  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  so 
desirable  an  object,  they  offer  to  the  Association,  for 
adoption,  the  following  resolutions: 

Resolved,  That  we  esteem  it  desirable  that  a  Lit- 
erary Institution  should  be  established  in  Central 
Pennsylvania,  embracing  a  high  school  for  male 
pupils,  another  for  females,  a  college,  and  also  a 
theological  Institution,  to  be  under  the  influence  of 
the  Baptist  denomination. 

Resolved,  That  this  Committee  be  continued,  with 
instructions  to  prepare  a  report  on  the  subject,  to 
be  printed  with  the  minutes,  and  also  to  lay  it  be- 
for  the  various  religious  bodies  of  our  denomination 
in  the  State,  either  by  correspondence  or  otherwise, 
especially  before  the  Education  Society,  and  the 
State  Convention,  at  their  next  meeting  in  Philadel- 
phia. 

Resolved,  That  they  be  authorized  to  adopt  such 
other  measures  as  they  may  deem  advisable  for  the 
accomplishment  of  the  said  object,  and  report  at  our 
next  annual  meeting.  In  behalf  of  the  Committee. 

WM.  H.  LUDWIG, 

Chairman. 

William  H.  Ludwig,  the  chairman  who  signed  this  re- 
port, was  a  physician  in  Lewisburg.  It  is  not  improbable 
that  the  future  course  of  events  is  largely  indebted  to  him 
for  the  shape  they  took,  for,  at  the  meeting  in  1846,  he  sub- 
mitted a  statement  entitled  "Report  of  Committee  on  Liter- 
ary and  Theological  Institution,"  which  reads  as  follows: 

The  special  committee,  on  the  subject  of  a  State 
Literary  Institution,  respectfully  report, 

That  according  to  their  instructions  they  prepared 
an  address  on  the  subject  of  a  State  Literary  Insti- 
tution, and  handed  it  over  to  the  publishing  commit- 
tee for  insertion  in  the  minutes  of  last  year. 

Shortly  after  the  adjournment  of  your  last  meet- 
ing, a  State  Association  was  formed  for  the  purpose 


28  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

of  effecting  the  object  contemplated  in  the  appoint- 
ment of  your  committee,  and  as  they  seemed  to  possess 
facilities  for  moving  in  the  business  which  the  com- 
mittee could  not  command,  it  was  thought  best  to 
await  their  action,  consequently  your  committee  have 
done  nothing  farther  in  that  behalf — but  are  happy 
to  be  able  to  say  that  the  State  Association  have  suc- 
ceeded beyond  their  most  sanguine  expectations. 

WILLIAM  H.  LUDWIG,  Chairman. 

Thus  was  begun  the  University  at  Lewisburg.  In  order 
to  understand  the  meaning  of  the  movement  and  the  institu- 
tion thus  founded  emphasis  must  be  placed  upon  the  fact 
that  training  was  planned  for  other  male  pupils  as  well  as 
those  who  were  students  for  the  ministry  and  that  provision 
was  to  be  made  for  young  women.  These  are  significant 
features  in  the  thinking  which  brought  about  the  founding 
of  a  Baptist  university  in  Pennsylvania. 

At  first  it  was  no  more  than  a  high  school  and  the  ses- 
sions were  held,  as  Dr.  Leroy  Stephens  in  a  recent  letter  to 
me  has  kindly  and  graphically  described,  "in  the  low  base- 
ment of  the  old  Baptist  church.  I  have  many  a  time,"  he 
continues,  "touched  the  ceiling  of  that  basement  with  my 
middle  finger  while  standing  solid  on  the  floor.  There  were 
three  rooms  only,  one  main  room  and  two  small  rooms  back, 
and  here  was  germinated  our  creditable  Bucknell  University. ' ' 

Instruction  was  begun  in  the  autumn  of  1846,  but  the 
"First  Annual  Catalogue,"  covering  the  academic  year  1850- 

1851,  was  issued  at  the  close  of  that  year.      No  president  had 
yet  been    appointed  but  there    were  students  of  both   sexes 
representing  the  various  classes    from  seniors  in  the  college 
down  through  the  grades  to  the  primary  department.       In 

1852,  Rev.  Howard  Malcom,  D.  D.,  became  president,  and  in 
the  autumn  of  1853  the  department  for  women,  called  the 
Female  Seminary,  was  opened  in  a  separate  building  favor- 
ably and  conveniently  located  about  one-half  mile  from  the 
other  buildings. 

It  would  be  highly  attractive  to  follow  in  detail  the  his- 
tory of  the  university  thus  established.  Of  course  that  is 
impossible  in  this  paper.  We  may  turn  to  other  matters 
with  less  regret  because  the  later  history  of  the  University  at 
Lewisburg  is  far  more  easily  accessible  than  the  beginnings 
which  I  have  described  with  some  fullness. 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  29 

The  action  of  the  Northumberland  association  and  the 
opening  of  the  University  at  Lewisburg  seem  to  have  stimu- 
lated the  Baptists  of  western  Pennsylvania.  In  the  annual 
report  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society  for 
1844,  the  meeting  being  held  at  Milton,  we  find  this  unusual 
paragraph. 

Resolved,  That  we  regard  with  sympathy  and  en- 
couragement the  efforts  made  in  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania to  obtain  the  Madison  College  at  Uniontown  as 
a  Baptist  institution. 

Apparently  nothing  came  of  this  movement  as  there  is 
no  further  reference  to  it  in  the  contemporary  documents, 
and  there  is  only  the  tradition  that  the  effort  failed. 

In  connection  with  this  act  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
Education  Society  it  is  worth  observing  that  its  sympathies 
have  always  been  comprehensive  and  ready  to  support  any 
promising  movement,  whether  instituted  by  itself  or  by  oth- 
ers. Various  items  in  its  proceedings  from  year  to  year 
might  be  selected  as  evidence  of  this.  Naturally,  however, 
it  gave  special  consideration  to  the  promising  institution  at 
Lewisburg.  A  paragraph  of  its  report  for  1848  is  worth 
recording,  both  as  illustrating  this  interest  and  as  showing 
how  early  the  setting  apart  of  a  special  day  of  prayer  for  in- 
stitutions of  learning  was  considered  by  the  society.  The 
item  reads: 

At  this  session  it  was  recommended  to  the  churches 
to  observe  the  last  Thursday  in  February  as  a  day 
of  special  prayer  and  fasting,  to  entreat  the  Lord  for 
more  laborers,  and  to  pray  that  the  University  at 
Lewisburg  may  be  visited  by  frequent  seasons  of  re- 
freshing. 

In  1851  the  society,  as  a  further  evidence  of  its  interest  in 
the  University,  put  itself  on  record  as 

painfully  impressed  with  the  importance  of  educat- 
ing our  own  sons  and  daughters  at  institutions  where 
they  will  not  acquire  prejudices  against  our  senti- 
ments and  practices.  We  therefore  with  affection- 
ate earnestness  present  to  our  constituents  the  pres- 
ent necessity  of  patronizing  the  University, — by 
sending  their  children  and  their  young  licentiates, 
and  of  completing  the  endowment. 


30  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

While  the  society  was  thus  caring  for  its  own  special 
field  and  supporting  wider  projects  for  Baptist  education  it 
was  studying  improved  methods  for  carrying  on  its  own  la- 
bors. Previous  to  1852  it  had  encouraged  the  support  of 
individual  students  not  only  at  Lewisburg  but  at  Hamilton, 
now  Colgate,  and  other  institutions  outside  of  Pennsylvania, 
through  church  scholarships  designated  specifically  for  in- 
dividual students.  At  the  meeting  of  1852  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  the  society  proposed  the  establishment  of  a  Gen- 
eral Fund  rather  than  the  personal  scholarships.  This  pro- 
posal was  urged  on  the  following  grounds: 

the  contributors  feels  his  contributions  have  been  en- 
A  fund  formed  in  this  way  ...  is  more 
simple,  more  easily  managed  by  the  Treasurer;  and 
should  any  young  man  aided  by  this  society  after- 
wards leave  the  ministry  or  not  enter  it,  no  one  of 
tirely  lost.  And  in  case  of  young  men  aided  by 
the  society  rising  to  usefulness  and  eminence  in  the 
churches,  each  contributor  feels  the  conscious  satis- 
faction that  he  has  borne  his  part  in  the  education 
of  such  men. 

In  1853  the  society  voted  that  it  was  important  to  have 
a  sermon  on  ministerial  education  as  a  part  of  the  com- 
mencement exercises  at  Lewisburg.  This  action  is  notable 
as  the  beginning  of  one  of  the  established  functions  of  the 
Bucknell  University  commencement  season. 

At  the  meeting  of  1855  it  was  announced  that  a  charter 
for  the  society  had  been  secured  early  in  the  past  year,  that 
is,  in  the  autumn  of  1854.  In  this  way  the  organization  was 
put  upon  a  secure  legal  basis  for  carrying  on  its  work  which 
in  the  course  of  years  came  to  involve  extensive  financial  op- 
erations. 

At  that  same  anniversary  Eev.  George  M.  Spratt,  who 
had  become  General  Agent  of  the  society  in  1851,  reported 
that  the  number  of  applications  for  aid  in  preparing  for  the 
pastorate  "  would  be  greatly  multiplied,  were  it  not  for  the 
loose  views  entertained  by  too  many  churches  and  pastors  in 
regard  to  a  proper  preparation  for  the  arduous  and  respon- 
sible work  of  the  Christian  ministry."  Indeed  the  annual 
reports  for  many  years  after  that  time  refer  frequently  to 
similar  conditions  confronting  the  society's  efforts.  The 
situation  was  concisely  stated  in  1857  when  Mr.  Spratt  called 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  31 

attention  to  the  fact  that  one  third  of  the  churches  in  the 
state  gave  nothing  for  ministerial  education,  one  third  did 
"a  little  under  urging,"  and  the  actual  burden  was  borne 
by  the  remaining  one  third  of  the  churches.  This  unhappy 
condition  affected  other  Baptist  effort  as  well  as  that  of  the 
Education  Society.  Among  the  churches  there  were  not  only 
examples  of  the  same  ignorance  which  existed  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  century  but  also  direct  and  intense  opposition  to 
education  in  general  and  ministerial  education  specifically. 
Dr.  Spratt,  as  he  became  in  1869,  had  opportunity  to  know 
what  this  opposition  was,  and  in  another  paragraph  of  his 
recollections  of  a  half  century's  ministry  in  Pennsylvania, 
referred  to  above,  and  published  in  the  report  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Baptist  Education  Society  for  1884,  he  pictured 
these  adversaries.  Baptist  schools,  he  said, 

they  branded  as  smut  factories,  and  even  advised 
in  unholy  sarcasm,  Rev.  Dr.  Howard  Malcom  to  put 
up  a  sign  over  his  college,  "God,  Malcom  &  Co., 
Priest  Factory." 

Such  was  the  attitude  which  ignorance  displayed  toward 
the  splendid  educational  work  which  Dr.  Malcom,  as  presi- 
dent, and  his  co-laborers  were  carrying  on  in  the  University 
at  Lewisburg.  It  need  not  surprise  us  that  in  the  face  of 
such  opposition,  not  limited  to  Baptists  alone,  progress  up 
to  the  present  time  has  not  been  all  that  could  be  desired. 

It  is  refreshing  to  know  that  in  the  face  of  such  difficul- 
ties there  were  some  who  not  only  conceived  of  education  as 
necessary  for  ministers  but  as  something  for  the  mind  and  for 
the  hands  of  all.  Fortunately  such  a  view  was  somewhat 
igener'al.  It  had  taken  hold  upon  the  thought  of  John  P. 
Crozer  whose  success  as  a  business  man  at  Upland  and  whose 
devotion  to  the  welfare  of  the  people  led  him  to  establish  in 
1858  the  Upland  Normal  Institute.  For  the  work  of  this 
institute  he  erected  what  is  now  the  main  building  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  and  the  work  of  instruction  was  begun. 
The  "Second  Annual  Catalogue"  of  the  institute,  covering 
the  year  1859-1860,  lists  a  faculty  well  qualified  for  the  ser- 
vice and  a  total  student  attendance  consisting  of  both  men 
and  women  of  161.  This  catalogue  shows  the  objects  of  the 
institute  to  have  been 


32  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

to  furnish,  at  a  reduced  cost,  a  comprehensive,  thor- 
ough, and  practical  education  for  business,  teach- 
ing, college,  and  any  literary  or  professional  pursuit. 

Though  begun  with  such  a  worthy  object  and  having  a 
goodly  number  of  students  the  institute  was  soon  under  the 
shadow  of  the  Civil  War.  Its  work  was  discontinued  and 
the  building  and  campus  used  as  a  hospital  for  soldiers  from 
both  of  the  armies.  At  the  close  of  the  conflict  conditions 
were  not  favorable  for  its  reopening.  In  1866  Mr.  Crozer 
died.  There  came  at  once  before  his  family  the  question  of 
disposing  of  the  plant  which  he  had  established.  This  ques- 
tion was  naturally  considered  in  view  of  the  close  relation 
which  Mr.  Crozer  had  sustained  to  the  University  at  Lewis- 
burg  and  to  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society,  of 
which  he  had  been  president  since  1856.  The  situation  still 
further  involved  the  fact  that,  while  the  University  at  Lewis- 
burg  had  not  been  established  chiefly  for  ministerial  education, 
it  had  nevertheless  given  much  training  which  fitted  men  for 
pastoral  service,  and  in  1855  had  opened  a  distinct  Theological 
Department  with  one  professor  who  devoted  his  time  exclu- 
sively to  the  education  of  men  for  the  ministry. 

After  due  consideration  of  all  the  factors  concerned  it 
was  mutually  agreed  that  an  institution  to  be  known  as 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  should  be  established  at  Upland 
making  use  of  the  plant  erected  for  the  Upland  Normal  In- 
stitute, and  that  the  seminary  should  take  over  and  recog- 
nize fully  the  Theological  Department  of  the  university. 
Thus  the  Baptists  of  the  Keystone  State  came  to  possess  not 
only  a  university  with  a  preparatory  department,  and  a  de- 
partment for  women  as  well  as  college  men,  but  also,  through 
the  generosity  of  Mr.  Crozer 's  family,  a  thoroughly  establish- 
ed and  well  endowed  theological  seminary,  the  initial  gift 
for  the  latter  amounting  to  approximately  $275,000. 

Instruction  in  the  Seminary  began  on  October  2,  1868, 
under  the  direction  of  a  faculty  consisting  of  the  president, 
Dr.  Henry  G.  Weston,  and  Professors  George  D.  B.  Pepper, 
D.  D.,  and  Howard  Osgood,  D.  D. 

Mr.  William  Bucknell,  a  son-in-law  of  John  P.  Crozer, 
whose  wife  Margaret  Crozer  Bucknell  died  soon  after  the  de- 
cease of  her  father,  conceived  of  the  happy  idea  of  founding 
the  library  of  the  seminary,  at  a  cost  of  about  $30,000  erect- 
ed Pearl  Hall  as  a  library  building,  in  honor  of  his  wife,  and 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  33 

gave  $25,000  for  the  immediate  purchase  of  books.  Though 
the  gift  of  Mr.  Bucknell  was  small  in  comparison  with  the 
gift  of  the  family  of  Mr.  Crozer  it  placed  the  library  of  the 
Seminary  for  the  time  being  in  an  exceptionally  strong  posi- 
tion for  its  service.  It  may  be  of  interest  even  to  those  of 
the  present  day  and  certainly  to  coming  generations  to  rec- 
ord that  the  library  structure  was  used  temporarily  as  the 
place  in  which  the  commencement  exercises  of  the  Seminary 
were  held. 

The  result  of  the  generous  foundation  offered  to  the  Bap- 
tists of  the  State  by  Mr.  Crozer 's  family  and  the  happy  effect 
upon  those  who  were  then  interested  in  education  are  well 
reflected  in  the  language  of  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  Education  Society  which  was  presented  at  fhe 
annual  meeting  at  Lewisburg  on  July  28,  1868. 

The  Board  desire  to  express  their  hearty  sympathy 
with,  and  co-operation  in,  the  newly  organized  Theo- 
logical Institute  at  Upland,  Delaware  County.  No 
effort  on  the  part  of  the  Board  will  be  wanting  to 
make  this  grand  and  noble  offering — presented  first 
to  the  Lord  and  then  to  his  Church  by  the  family 
whose  late  head  has  been  in  years  past  the  honored 
President  of  this  Society — a  permanent  success. 

.  Both  the  University  [at  Lewisburg]  and 
the  Institute  have  sprung  up  under  our  shadow,  and 
amid  our  prayers  and  efforts.  They  are  in  an  import- 
ant sense  our  children,  brought  to  their  birth  under  the 
same  benign  influences  that  summoned  us  into  life 
and  impressed  us  as  a  Society  with  a  sense  of  the  vital 
import  and  solemn  grandeur  of  our  holy  mission. 

.  We  therefore  bid  the  Crozer  Theological 
Institute  a  hearty  welcome,  and  earnestly  desire  the 
God  of  all  grace  to  crown  even  its  infancy  with 
choice  and  heavenly  blessings.  We  also  assure  the 
friends  of  our  noble  University  at  Lewisburg,  that 
no  abatement  of  interest  in  its  welfare  will  mark  our 
future  course,  and  we  indulge  the  confident  hope 
that  by  the  withdrawal  of  the  more  direct  form  of 
theological  instruction  it  will  become  none  the  less 
powerful  as  an  auxiliary  in  the  great  work  of  mini- 
sterial education. 

The  establishment  of  a  university  and  a  theological  sem- 
inary on  secure  foundations  though  they  were  Baptist  ad- 


34  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

vances  of  the  greatest  importance,  did  not  satisfy  the  Baptist 
constituency  of  the  State.  This  may  have  been  the  case 
partly  because  the  period  following  the  Civil  War  witnessed 
a  general  renaissance  in  education  and  brought  into  the  fore- 
front the  work  of  public  schools.  While  these  schools  were 
developed  rapidly  and  brought  about  great  changes  in  edu- 
cation they  did  not  meet  all  the  needs  that  were  felt  by  those 
who  were  concerned  for  educational  progress,  especially 
members  of  churches  who  were  jealous  that  education  should 
be  religious  as  well  as  general.  Out  of  such  a  situation  arose 
the  denominational  academies  and  other  institutions  which 
were  called  colleges,  though  really  no  more  than  academies 
in  work.  Pennsylvania  experienced  her  share  of  these  and 
without  some  knowledge  of  them  we  cannot  understand  the 
history  of  Baptist  education  in  Pennsylvania  and  rightly  con- 
sider the  problems  of  our  own  day.  (For  some  of  the  data 
used  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Leroy  Stephens.) 

The  first  of  these  institutions  takes  us  back  to  1856. 
That  year  George's  Creek  Academy  was  opened  at  Smith- 
field.  It  was  recognized  by  the  Baptists  of  the  state,  and 
in  succeeding  years  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  So- 
ciety sometimes  aided  students  for  the  ministry  who  were 
studying  there.  The  quality  of  work,  however,  appears  to 
have  been  of  a  comparatively  low  grade  and  the  society  found 
it  inadvisable  to  continue  recognition  of  the  school.  Con- 
cerning the  later  years  of  this  academy  and  its  discontinu- 
ance ±  have  learned  only  that  its  property  was  turned  over 
to  the  public  school.  It  served  a  temporary  purpose  and  was 
abandoned. 

In  1862  there  was  organized  at  Reidsburg,  Pa.,  another 
Baptist  academy  called  Eeid  Institute.  It  did  not  open  for 
work  until  1866  but  then  was  recognized  by  the  Education 
Society,  whose  beneficiaries  were  aided  there  for  several  years. 
Until  1887  it  remained  one  of  the  accredited  Baptist  institu- 
tions. It  was  weakened  by  the  opening  of  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Clarion,  the  building  was  burned,  and  the  school 
terminated. 

In  1867,  according  to  the  report  of  the  United  States 
Commissioner  of  Education,  there  was  opened  at  Jefferson, 
Greene  County,  an  institution  called  Monongahela  College. 
It  seems  to  have  been  a  college  in  name  alone.  The  officials 
took  particular  pains  to  emphasize  the  education  of  prepara- 
tory students  and  training  of  boys  and  girls.  Facing  a  con- 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  35 

tinual  struggle  for  existence  it  continued  its  work,  however, 
and  remained  in  the  list  of  schools  recommended  by  the  Edu- 
cation Society  until  1887.  The  college  was  in  some  sense 
related  to  the  Ten  Mile  Baptist  Association.  At  the  meet- 
ing of  this  association  in  1889  there  was  submitted  a  relative- 
ly long  report  on  Monongahela  College  including  a  sketch  of 
its  financial  history  up  to  that  time.  An  educational  meet- 
ing at  Jefferson  was  provided  for  to  be  held  on  the  15th  of 
October,  1889.  The  property  afterwards  went  into  private 
ownership  and  is  still  so  held. 

The  efforts  of  the  Baptists  of  western  Pennsylvania  in 
the  direction  of  secondary  education  found  a  response  in  the 
far  northeastern  portion  of  the  state  by  the  opening  in  1868 
at  Factoryville  of  Keystone  Academy.  Factoryville  being 
within  the  bounds  of  Abington  association,  that  body  assum- 
ed a  special  relation  to  the  new  institution  and  appointed 
three  trustees  for  membership  in  its  corporate  board.  The 
action  of  the  association  taken  on  September  3,  1868,  was  as 
follows : 

Resolved,  That  we  highly  approve  the  efforts  now 
being  made  to  establish  an  Academy  within  the 
bounds  of  this  Association ;  and  that  we  recommend 
the  Keystone  Academy  to  the  patronage  and  liberal 
support  of  our  brethren. 

Resolved,  That  we  comply  with  the  condition  of 
the  charter  of  said  Academy,  and  appoint  three 
Trustees  to  sit  with  its  Corporate  Board  accordingly. 

During  the  fifty  years  since  that  time  Keystone  Academy 
has  continued  to  give  secondary  training  to  young  men  and 
young  women.  Like  all  academies  which  have  survived  as 
well  as  those  which  have  been  unable  to  continue,  it  has  known 
the  severe  struggle  which  comes  from  financial  limitations. 
At  the  present  moment  a  campaign  is  under  way  to  place  it 
on  a  more  substantial  basis.  It  has  become  primarily  a  boys7 
school,  girls  being  admitted  chiefly  as  day  students. 

A  feeling  on  the  part  of  the  Baptists  of  the  Monongahela 
association  akin  to  that  which  had  prompted  academies  for 
Baptists  in  other  parts  of  the  state  ^ed  to  the  organization  at 
Mt.  Pleasant  of  another  institution  of  secondary  grade.  At 
its  meeting  in  1871  the  association,  after  commending  the 
University  at  Lewisburg,  and  pledging  to  that  institution  its 
support  as  a  college  for  advanced  study,  adopted  the  follow- 
ing: 


36  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

Whereas,  We  have  long  felt,  as  a  denomination, 
our  need  of  increased  educational  facilities  in  western 
Pennsylvania;  and 

Whereas,  At  a  meeting  held  in  Pittsburg  in  De- 
cember last,  in  which  this  and  other  Associations 
were  represented,  it  was  determined  to  established 
a  school  of  high  grade  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  which  has 
since  been  incorporated  under  the  name  of  "The 
Western  Pennsylvania  Classical  and  Scientific  In- 
stitute," therefore, 

Resolved,  That  we  commit  ourselves  to  this  en- 
terprise and  pledge  ourselves  to  support  it  by  our 
contributions  and  prayers. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Association  in  1872  a  conditional 
subscription  of  $15,000  was  reported  as  being  expected  from 
the  churches,  and  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  planning  to  se- 
cure $65,000  as  a  proper  basis  on  which  to  found  the  school. 
In  1873  the  hopes  for  the  institute  had  grown  so  that  $100,- 
000  was  thought  of  as  the  proper  financial  foundation.  Un- 
fortunately the  high  promise  concerning  the  school  was  not 
realized.  In  the  panic  of  1873  subscribers  were  unable  to 
pay  their  pledges  and  it,  like  its  sister  Baptist  secondary 
schools  throughout  the  state,  has  experienced  continued 
struggle.  It  is  still  doing  work,  chiefly  as  a  school  of  music, 
but  its  maintenance  is,  I  understand,  a  serious  question  at 
the  present  time. 

In  1884  in  response  to  requests  from  ambitious  young 
men  hungry  for  an  education  Rev.  Dr.  Russell  H.  Conwell 
began  to  conduct  a  class  for  their  mental  improvement.  Out 
of  such  humble  beginnings  came  Temple  University  in  Phila- 
delphia with  its  thousands  of  students  in  various  departments 
of  study  and  its  far-reaching  influence.  While  this  institu- 
tion has  always  remained  non-sectarian,  the  fact  that  its 
dominating  force,  President  Conwell,  and  others  who  have  la- 
bored with  him,  have  been  Baptists,  has  kept  the  university 
closely  related  to  Baptist  life,  and  mention  of  it  must  be 
made. 

Another  institution  similar  to  the  academies  briefly  de- 
scribed above  was  that  known  as  Hall  Institute  at  Sharon. 
The  beginning  of  its  relation  to  Baptist  affairs  in  Pennsyl- 
vania is  seen  through  an  item  in  the  report  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Baptist  Education  Society  for  1888,  where  we  read: 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  37 

Bro.  H.  C.  Hall  announced  that  through  the  liber- 
ality of  a  brother  in  attendance  upon  these  meetings 
[Nathaniel  W.  Hazen],  a  very  valuable  property  in 
Sharon  has  been  donated  for  the  use  of  the  Hall  In- 
stitute; whereupon  the  audience  joined  in  singing 

''Praise  God,  from  whom  all  blessing  flow," 

and  Brethren  G.  M.  Spratt  and  H.  C.  Hall  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  arrange  for  a  suitable 
Thanksgiving  service. 

The  institute  remained  as  one  of  the  accredited  second- 
ary schools  of  the  Education  Society  until  1905  when  it  is 
called  The  Hall  Military  Institute,  after  which  its  name  dis- 
appears from  the  list  of  Baptist  institutions  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  property  was  sold  and  the  proceeds  distributed. 
It  faced  difficulties  similar  to  those  which  all  private  acade- 
mies have  met  and  after  furnishing  considerable  service  in  the 
direction  of  Baptist  education  was  unable  to  continue  in  that 
field. 

In  1889  the  Education  Society  in  harmony  with  its  gen- 
eral policy  of  open-mindedness  and  wide  sympathy  struck  out 
from  the  first  article  of  its  constitution  the  word  ''exclusive7' 
in  order  to  open  the  way  for  aiding  "in  the  education  of 
worthy  young  women  of  Baptist  churches  who  give  promise 
of  usefulness  in  Missionary  work,  such  aid  to  be  granted  by 
funds  designated  for  that  purpose."  This  was  a  new  step 
and  one  of  greater  significance,  perhaps,  than  appears  on  the 
surface.  It  made  possible  the  support  of  young  women  on 
terms  essentially  the  same  as  those  open  to  young  men  and 
the  funds  of  the  society  have  been  used  accordingly  since  that 
time.  In  view  of  that  action  it  was  natural  for  the  society 
in  1891  to  adopt  the  following : 

Resolved,  That  we  place  on  record  our  apprecia- 
tion of  the  effort  looking  toward  the  establishment 
of  a  training  school  in  Pennsylvania,  and  pledge  our 
hearty  co-operation  in  the  work. 

The  institution  thus  contemplated  having  opened  in 
1892  in  Philadelphia  as  the  Baptist  Training  School  for 
Christian  Work,  in  1893  the  Education  Society  voted  that  it 
be  considered  as  "an  auxiliary  to  the  work  of  the  society." 
Through  such  support  from  the  society  and  many  other 


38  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

friends  the  Training  School  has  developed  into  the  present 
Baptist  Institute  for  Christian  Workers,  with  its  splendid 
plant  in  South  Philadelphia  where  young  women  receive  in- 
struction which  fits  them  for  varied  lines  of  religious  ser- 
vice. 

Mention  must  be  made  of  two  other  institutions, 
the  Baptist  Orphanage  in  West  Philadelphia  and  the  Down- 
ingtown  Industrial  and  Agricultural  School  at  Downingtown. 
The  first  thought  of  an  institution  like  the  Baptist  Orphanage 
arose  as  early  as  1875,  but  the  institution  was  not  opened  un- 
til 1880.  While  the  boys  and  girls  cared  for  in  the  orphan- 
age attend  the  public  school,  the  training  given  them  in  the 
home  itself  has  become  a  dominant  factor  in  the  lives  of 
hundreds  of  men  and  women.  The  institution,  therefore, 
has  been  properly  recognized  and  commended  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Baptist  Education  Society  and  deserves  recognition 
among  the  Baptist  educational  forces  in  the  state.  The 
Downingtown  Industrial  and  Agricultural  School  dates  from 
1905  when  Mr.  John  S.  Trower  and  Rev.  William  A.  Creditt, 
D.  D.,  of  Philadelphia,  called  together  other  leading  colored 
men  and  worked  out  plans  which  became  a  foundation  for  a 
very  important  school  for  Negro  young  people.  They  are 
trained  in  mind  and  also  in  technical  lines  for  the  various 
walks  of  life  and,  while  this  institution  is  non-sectarian,  the 
very  great  interest  of  Dr.  Creditt  and  other  Baptists  in  its 
maintenance  make  it  in  some  real  sense  a  Baptist  educational 
plant. 

In  1900  the  Education  Society  broadened  its  activities 
into  another  new  field  by  undertaking  to  aid  in  the  support 
of  Italians  who  were  studying  for  missionary  work  in  the 
United  States.  In  1902  the  Board  reported  that  aid  had 
been  asked  for  a  member  of  the  Slavonic  race.  The  field 
which  thus  opened  naturally  enlarged  and  in  1911  and  later 
similar  aid  was  being  given  to  a  school  for  training  Hun- 
garians; and  in  1916  assistance  was  reported  for  Hungari- 
an, Slavic,  Italian,  Russian,  and  Lithuanian  students.  In 
1912  it  was  proposed  to  develop  the  Institute  at  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant as  a  training  school  for  foreign  speaking  Baptists,  but  the 
idea  has  been  abandoned.  Since  1900  students  preparing  to 
be  medical  missionaries  have  likewise  been  assisted  in  their 
courses  of  study. 

As  early  as  October,  1904,  the  Education  Society,  mem- 
orialized by  the  Reading  Baptist  Association  in  action  taken 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  39 

the  preceding  May  on  motion  of  Mr.  Eli.  S.  Reinhold,  began 
to  consider  possibilities  for  further  training  of  men  already 
in  the  pastorate.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  advise  in 
that  direction.  It  was  hoped  that  such  a  plan  would  receive 
the  support  of  the  State  Mission  Society  and  the  Baptist 
educational  institutions  of  Pennsylvania.  At  the  meeting 
of  the  society  in  1905  an  extended  report  was  offered  by  the 
committee  outlining  a  detailed  course  of  reading  which  should 
cover  four  years.  At  this  same  meeting  a  committee  was 
appointed,  of  which  Mr.  Reinhold  was  the  chairman,  "to 
consider  the  matter  of  arranging  a  course  of  systematic  read- 
ing for  lay  workers  in  our  churches,  and  report  next  year." 
In  1906  a  report  covering  the  field  assigned  to  both  the  above 
committees  explained  that  arrangements  such  as  were  hoped 
for  had  not  been  realized.  A  year  later,  however,  what  ap- 
peared to  be  a  happy  solution  of  the  problem  was  outlined. 
The  Teacher  Training  Courses  which  had  been  established 
by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  gave  promise 
of  meeting  the  needs  of  layworkers,  and  the  willingness  of 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  to  provide  an  extension  course 
for  ministers  opened  the  way  to  supply  the  needs  in  that  di- 
rection. 

The  Teacher  Training  Courses  have  naturally  been  sup- 
ported by  the  Publication  Society  so  as  to  serve  a  much  wider 
field  than  the  Keystone  State.  In  like  manner  the  Crozer 
Extension  Course  has  been  developed  so  that  students  not 
only  in  the  various  states  but  in  foreign  countries,  hundreds 
of  them  altogether,  receive  by  correspondence  thorough 
training  in  better  preparation  for  the  pastoral  calling.  It 
must  be  remembered,  however,  that  both  of  these  far-reach- 
ing educational  movements  owe  their  inception  largely  to 
Pennsylvania  Baptists,  and  that  one  of  the  chief  supporters 
of  the  work  and  director  of  the  Crozer  Extension  Course, 
Mr.  Reinhold,  has  always  been  an  active  Pennsylvania  Bap- 
tist. 

One  of  the  excellent  results  of  the  Extension  Course  is 
the  fact  that  students  are  frequently  led  through  it  to  take 
up  study  in  academy,  college,  or  seminary.  The  range  of 
this  service  may  be  further  indicated  from  the  report  of  Mr. 
Reinhold  to  the  Education  Society  as  early  as  1914  "that 
the  number  of  separate  blanks,  folders,  and  pamphlets  issued 
by  the  Extension  Department  to  date  numbers  134." 


40  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

This  extension  service  and  the  interest  of  those  who  have 
supported  it  have  had  a  further  influence  in  the  direction  of 
education.  In  1908  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education 
Society,  which  had  so  heartily  approved  these  extension 
plans,  became  the  Education  Board  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bap- 
tist General  Convention.  The  convention  co-ordinated  all 
the  Baptist  activities  in  the  state.  As  an  outcome  of  this 
co-ordination  the  Convention  in  1915,  representing  Baptist 
thought  throughout  the  commonwealth,  took  an  advanced 
stand  with  reference  to  the  education  of  men  in  the  Baptist 
ministry.  It  urged  "that  the  minimum  standard  of  educa- 
tion shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  a  full  course  in  a  high  school 
as  standardized  by  the  State, or  its  equivalent; "and  "that  such 
educational  standard  shall  be  regarded  as  the  basis  for  the 
theological  training  in  which  the  minimum  requirement  shall 
be  the  complete  Crozer  Extension  Course,  or  the  Course 
required  by  the  Baptists  of  New  York."  It  is  obvious  that 
even  a  sketch  of  the  growth  of  Baptist  education  in  Penn- 
sylvania would  be  inadequate  without  taking  into  account 
this  extension  work  which  has  become  so  large  a  means  of 
mental  and  moral  improvement. 

In  this  sketch  I  have  dealt  almost  entirely  with  origins. 
I  have  brought  together  material  concerning  beginnings  of 
Baptist  education  and  concerning  new  steps  which  have  been 
taken  from  time  to  time.  There  has  been  no  attempt  to  deal 
with  details  of  development  for  any  of  the  institutions.  Such 
details,  whether  the  names  of  presidents,  the  number  of  teach- 
ers and  students  at  any  time,  the  annual  increase  of  endow- 
ments and  other  property,  the  extent  of  the  several  libraries, 
and  other  like  statistics,  since  1868,  are  collected  in  the  An- 
nual Report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion, a  complete  set  of  which  may  be  found  in  any  good 
library.  What  I  have  brought  together,  therefore,  even 
when  regarded  as  merely  a  sketch,  will  appear  quite  in- 
adequate unless  the  above  facts  are  taken  into  account.  It 
has  been  the  more  natural  to  deal  with  origins  because  of 
their  own  worth,  and  because  without  knowledge  of  these 
an  understanding  of  Baptist  education  in  Pennsylvania  is 
impossible.  In  addition  to  that  I  have  thought  it  best  to 
select  such  material  because  much  of  it  is  from  rare  original 
documents  which  happen  to  be  easily  accessible  to  me. 

Before  closing,  a  brief  statement  should  be  made  con- 
cerning two  or  three  general  topics.  One  of  these  is  the  sub- 


BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA.  41 

ject  of  finance  as  related  to  Baptist  education  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. As  far,  however,  as  pertains  to  the  early  days  little 
can  be  said.  The  description  already  given  of  the  early 
records  shows  that  there  was  no  large  outlay  of  money.  Such 
was  the  case  until  little  more  than  half  a  century  ago.  Even 
since  then  the  small  institutions,  particularly  the  academies, 
have  been  without  any  considerable  support  and  now  exhibit 
slight  permanent  financial  results.  Keystone  Academy  and 
the  Western  Pennsylvania  Classical  and  Scientific  Institute 
at  Mt.  Pleasant,  the  only  ones  that  have  survived,  though  they 
have  some  endowment  have  experienced  a  continuous  finan- 
cial struggle.  Bucknell  University,  though  it  has  had  from 
its  beginning  no  adequate  support  in  proportion  to  its  im- 
portance, has  fared  much  better  than  the  secondary  schools 
and  now  reports  property  including  grounds,  buildings,  and 
endowment,  worth  more  than  one  million  dollars.  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary,  with  a  much  more  auspicious  financial 
beginning,  has  property  of  at  least  a  similar  amount. 

The  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society  likewise 
has  been  hampered  through  the  years  by  lack  of  money.  Be- 
ginning in  1839  with  receipts  of  $420.82,  its  annual  income 
gradually  grew  until  in  1870  it  approximated  $10,000. 
In  the  nearly  fifty  years  since  that  time  the  income  has  in- 
creased, but  it  has  always  been  largely  from  invested  funds. 
As  early  as  1856  the  first  $1500  scholarship  was  founded  by 
W.  W.  Keen,  of  Philadelphia,  only  smaller  individual  gifts 
having  been  received  theretofore.  In  1858  John  P.  Crozer 
established  the  second  $1500  scholarship,  and  before  his  death 
in  1866  he  had  founded  six  others  of  like  amount.  Still 
other  gifts  of  varying  sums  have  been  received  until  the 
permanent  investments  of  the  society  now  approximate 
$160,000. 

While  even  such  gifts  from  Pennsylvania  Baptists  for 
educational  institutions  and  ministerial  training  have  been 
highly  important  and  have  achieved  comparatively  large 
results,  the  men  and  women  who  have  been  the  leaders  of 
Pennsylvania  Baptist  education  must  be  regarded  with  at 
least  equal  significance.  No  justice  can  be  done  to  them  in 
such  a  statement  as  is  here  possible.  A  mere  catalog  of  the 
heroic  figures  who  have  wrought  and  are  still  in  the  midst 
of  the  work  would  be  an  extended  list.  This  is  true  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  Pennsylvania  has  been  favored  with  remark- 
ably extended  careers  among  its  educators.  One  calls  to 


42  BAPTIST  EDUCATION  IN  PENNA. 

mind  at  once  such  names  as  the  late  Henry  G.  Weston,  presi- 
dent of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary  from  1868  to  1909 ;  Dr. 
Justin  R.  Loomis,  who  directed  the  affairs  of  the  University 
at  Lewisburg  from  1857  to  1879;  Samuel  A.  Crozer,  who 
from  its  founding  until  1910,  was  president  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Crozer  Theological  Seminary;  and  William 
Bucknell,  whose  continuous  interest  and  gifts  led  the  trus- 
tees of  the  University  at  Lewisburg  to  change  its  name  in 
1886  to  Bucknell  University. 

The  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society  has  like- 
wise been  fortunate  in  the  extended  service  of  some  of  its 
leaders.  In  the  autumn  of  1850  Rev.  George  M.  Spratt, 
after  a  missionary  pastoral  experience  from  1835,  most  of 
this  in  Pennsylvania,  was  chosen  General  Agent  and  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  that  position  the  following  March.  In 
1859  he  was  made  corresponding  secretary  as  well.  For 
nearly  a  half  century,  therefore,  until  his  death  in  1899,  he 
was  pre-eminent  as  a  leader  in  Baptist  educational  affairs  in 
the  state.  One  who  has  read  page  after  page  of  the  annual 
reports  which  he  wrote  through  those  years  cannot  fail  to  be 
impressed  with  his  wide  sympathy,  his  virile  manhood  and 
the  resourcefulness  of  his  mental  and  spiritual  life. 

A  word  at  least  must  be  permitted  concerning  his  suc- 
cessor, Dr.  Leroy  Stephens,  who  fortunately  is  still  with  us. 
His  long  service,  beginning  with  the  principalship  of  the  In- 
stitute at  Mt.  Pleasant  in  1879,  his  election  as  General  Agent 
of  the  society  in  1894,  the  addition  of  the  corresponding 
secretaryship  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Spratt  in  1899,  in  its 
thorough  devotion  to  the  work  and  its  sacrificial  labor  is 
known  only  to  those  who  have  had  opportunity  for  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  activities  of  those  decades. 

The  names  of  those  I  have  mentioned,  even  though  they 
have  rendered  such  distinguished  service,  seem  to  make  a  list 
tinged  with  partiality  when  we  remember  Eugenic  Kincaid, 
William  Shadrach,  Howard  Malcom,  John  P.  Crozer,  J.  Lewis 
Crozer,  Levi  Knowles,  and  others  who  wrought  in  eminent 
service,  and  when  with  them  we  think  of  the  invaluable  labor 
of  others  who  happily  are  still  leading. 

It  remains  for  us  of  to-day,  and  those  who  will  follow, 
to  see  that  the  labors  and  lessons  of  the  past  have  not  been 
in  vain. 


INDEX 


Bucknell  Univ. 

Annual  sermon  on  minis- 
terial education   30 

Finances    41 

Founding    of    25-28 

History    5 

Chase,    Irah    18 

Children,  Education  16 

Coihansie.,  N.  J  ,  Bap.  Ch.   ...  6 

Cold   Spring,   Pa 6 

Colgate   Univ 30 

Columbian  College  18 

Con-well,    Russell    H 36 

Credit!,  William  A 38 

Crozer,   John   Lewis    42 

Crozer,  John  P 31,  41,  42 

Crozer,  Samuel  A 42 

Crozer    Extension    Course    ..39 

Crozer  Theol.  Sem 32,  33 

Finances    41 

History    5 

library    32,    33 

Day   of   Prayer    29 

Dodge,  Daniel   22 

Downingtown,  Pa.,  School   ..38 

Abington    Asso 35 

Academies     34 

Allen,    Ira    M 21 

Allison,  Burgiss  11,  12,  19 

Amer.   Bap.   Pub.   Soc 39 

Baptist    Academies    34 

Baptist    Almanac    17 

Bap.  Education  data   40 

Bap.  Education  Soc.  of  Phila.  18 
Bap.  Ed.  Soc.  of  the  Middle 

States    17 

Baptist  General  Conv 18 

Baptist  Institute  for  Christian 

Workers    37,  38 

Baptist   Ministers    40 

Baptist  Orphanage  , .  .38 

Baptists  in  Penn: 

Before  1830  20 

Beginnings    6 

Opposition   to    Educa.    30,    31 

Bennett,  Benjamin   15 

Bernard.  S 22 

"Boles  Annotations"   10 

Bordentown,  N.  J.,  Academy  11 

Boston,    Mass.,    Baptists 7 

Bradley.  Joel  E 26 

Brown  Univ 10,  11 

Bucknell,  Margaret  Crozer  ..32 
Bucknell,  William  ..32,  33,  42 
Bucknell  Seminary  28 


Dungan,    Tihomas    6 

Eaton,  Isaac  9 

Education.     Before    1830    19 

Edwards,  Morgan    9,  19 

"Materials   toward   a  his- 
tory of  the  Baptists  in 

New    Jersey"     12 

English    Baptists    9,    16 

Finances 16,  41 

Foreign    speaking    students.  .38 

Furman,   Richard    18 

George's  iCreek  Acad 34 

Germantown  Collegiate  Inst.  23 

Gill,  John    16 

Gillette,   Abram  D 15 

Haddington    Institution   21,23,25 

Hall,  Horace  C 37 

Hall    Institute    36,   37 

Harvard    College    _^.  7 

Hazen,    Nathaniel    W     37 

Hewitt,  Collins  A 26 

Hobbs,    Elizabeth    10 

Hobbsi,   John    7 10 

Hollis,    Thomas    7,    8 

Holme,   Mr     8 

Honeywell  Academy   13 

Hopewell   Academy    9,   10 

Hough,   Silas    15 

Hubbs    Elizabeth 

See  Hobbs,  Elizabeth 

Huggrens,    Samuel    23 

Jenkins.    John    S 21 

Jones,    Mr.  .  8 


Tones,  Horatio  G 20,  22 

Jones,  Isaac    14 

Jon  -s,    Reese    13 

Jones     Samuel    13,    14,    19 

Keen,  William  W 41 

Kennard,  Joseph   H 22,  23 

Keys/tone   Acad 35,   41 

Kincaid,    Eugenio    42 

Knowles,  Levi   42 

Latin  Grammar  School 9 

"Latter  Day   Luminarv"    19 

Lewfsburg.  Pa.,  Bap.  Ch.  26   28 
Lew^burgf  University 

See  Bucknell    University. 

Loomis.   Justin   R .42 

Lower  Dublin   Academy   ....11 

Lower  Dublin   Bap.   Ch 6 

Ludwig,   William   H 25    27 

Lynd,   Samuel  W 18 

McLeod,    George    21 

Madison    College    29 

Malcolm,  Howard  22,  28,  31,  42 


INDEX 


Manning,  James   11 

"Mass.  Bap.  Miss.  Mag." 17 

Mather,    Cotton    10 

Mathias,  Joseph    22 

Middletown,   N.  J.,  Bap.   Ch.  6 

Miles,  Joseph  G 26 

Ministerial  Education  23,  39.  40 

Monongahela  College 34,  35 

Moorey  James    26 

Morgan,   Abel    6 

Mt.   Pleasant,   Pa.   Institute 

35,  36,  38,  41 

New  Castle  County,  Dela 13 

New  Jersey  Baptists   .  .9,  22,  26 
Northumberland  Bap.  Asso. 

20,  23,  25-27 

Ordination   standard    40 

Osgood,    Howard    32 

Pennepek  Bap.  Ch 6 

Penn.  Bap.  Ed.  So.: 

Aids   medical   missionaries  38 

Charter    30 

Extends  support  to  women  37 

Finances    41 

Forms  of  scholarships   ...  .30 

History   24,  25 

Supports  foreign  -  speaking 

students    38 

Wide  sympathies   29,  37 

Penn.  Bap.  General  Conv.  . .  .40 

Penn.  Ed.  Soc 24 

Pepper,   George  D.  B 32 

Phila.  Bap.  Asso.: 

Action  of  1722 6 

Action  of  1756  9 

Action    of   1834    22 

Annual   sermon   on   educa.   16 

Education   funds    13,    15 

Form  of  early  minutes  ....  7 

Grammar  school   14 

Library    8.    16 

Manual  Labor  Academy  20,  21 
Organization    .6 


Rules  for  ministerial  bene- 
ficiaries in  1789 14 

Philad.  Bap.  Ed.  So 18 

Philad.  Baptist  Ministers 17 

Philad.  Baptist  Orphanage   ..38 

Philad.  Education  Soc 24 

Philad.  First  Bap.  Ch 17 

Philad.    Staughton    School    ..18 
Piscataqua,  N.  J.,  Bap.  Ch.  . .  6 

Reading  Bap.  Asso 38 

Reid   Institute    34 

Reinhold,    Eli    S 39 

Rice,  Luther 18 

Shadrach,  William   42 

Sharon,    Pa 36 

Sharp,    Daniel    17 

Spratt,  George  M 20,  30,  42 

Staughton,  William 17,  18 

Stephens,   Leroy    28.   34,   42 

Strawbridge,    Elder    20 

Sunday   Schools   23,  24 

Teacher   Training   Courses... 39 

Temple   Univ 36 

Ten   Mile  Bap.  Asso 35 

Triennial   Convention    18 

Trower,  John  S 38 

Tucker,    Charles    26 

Tucker,   Levi    22 

Uniontown,    Pa 29 

University  at  Lewisburg 

See    Bucknell    University 
Upland  Normal  Institute  31,  32 

Ustick,    Thomas    16 

Vanhorn,  P.eter  Peterson  ....  9 

Walker,    Jacob    G 5,    25 

Wallen,  Mr 8 

Walton.    Silas    14 

Wartts,  Arthur   15 

Welsh  Tract  Bap.  Ch.  Del.   .  6 
Western     Penn.     Classical    and 

Scientific  Institute    36 

Weston,  Henry  G 32,  42 

Women,    Education     19 

Yale  Univ.    ...  .8 


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